Summary of Experimental Meson Physics

A summary of the present experimental status of meson physics is presented. The presentation includes the new results presented at the MESON06 workshop, as well as other recent experimental developments in the field.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, presented at 9th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, Krakow, Poland, June 200

Knowledge and Skills of Emergency Care During Disaster for Community Health Volunteers: a Literature Review

Background: Nowadays, disaster preparedness and responses are essential for everyone to be involved since the disaster becomes increasing. The Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in particular are the key partners required adequately prepared in emergency care during disaster event. Purpose: The study aims to examine the essential knowledge and skills of emergency care during natural disaster for CHVs. Method: The reviews published during 2000 and 2011 searching from PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, ProQuest Medical Library were conducted. Result: Twenty-four articles and documents related to community-based disaster preparedness programs were intensively reviewed. Based on the review, six components of knowledge and skills for emergency care in natural disaster for CHVs are required including 1) early warning, 2) disaster triage, 3) first aid, 4) search and rescue, 5) logistic and communication, and 6) team organizations. Conclusion: There was a few studies focusing on the emergency care in disaster management and some factors related to knowledge and skills were shown. It is therefore recommended that the current CHVs' knowledge and skills should be explored in order to assist people in their community following disaster event when professional responders are not immediately available to help

THE STUDY AND APPLICATION OF THE INERTIA GAIT

The aim is to develop a system of measurement suitable for both experimental (during sports) and clinical use which could be operated simply and with minimal disturbance of gait in situations outside the biomechanics laboratory. The use of accelerometers for the measurement of human gait parameters has not been widely accepted in biomechanics. However, several bioengineers and biomechanics in sports are interested in this field. Such readily obtainable information provides an index by which patient progress along the continuum of functional impairment may be monitored. The measurement of acceleration with subsequent integration can estimate velocity and position with reduced noise as Ladin et al.,1989)

Non-degenerate, three-wave mixing with the Josephson ring modulator

The Josephson ring modulator (JRM) is a device, based on Josephson tunnel junctions, capable of performing non-degenerate mixing in the microwave regime without losses. The generic scattering matrix of the device is calculated by solving coupled quantum Langevin equations. Its form shows that the device can achieve quantum-limited noise performance both as an amplifier and a mixer. Fundamental limitations on simultaneous optimization of performance metrics like gain, bandwidth and dynamic range (including the effect of pump depletion) are discussed. We also present three possible integrations of the JRM as the active medium in a different electromagnetic environment. The resulting circuits, named Josephson parametric converters (JPC), are discussed in detail, and experimental data on their dynamic range are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. We also discuss future prospects and requisite optimization of JPC as a preamplifier for qubit readout applications.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, 4 table

Near-universal hospitalization of US emergency department patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia

IMPORTANCE: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common oncologic emergency and is among the most deadly. Guidelines recommend risk stratification and outpatient management of both pediatric and adult FN patients deemed to be at low risk of complications or mortality, but our prior single-center research demonstrated that the vast majority (95%) are hospitalized. OBJECTIVE: From a nationwide perspective, to determine the proportion of cancer patients of all ages hospitalized after an emergency department (ED) visit for FN, and to analyze variability in hospitalization rates. Our a priori hypothesis was that >90% of US cancer-associated ED FN visits would end in hospitalization. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006-2014. SETTING: Stratified probability sample of all US ED visits. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria were: (1) Clinical Classification Software code indicating cancer, (2) diagnostic code indicating fever, and (3) diagnostic code indicating neutropenia. We excluded visits ending in transfer. EXPOSURE: The hospital at which the visit took place. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Our main outcome is the proportion of ED FN visits ending in hospitalization, with an a priori hypothesis of >90%. Our secondary outcomes are: (a) hospitalization rates among subsets, and (b) proportion of variability in the hospitalization rate attributable to which hospital the patient visited, as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Of 348,868 visits selected to be representative of all US ED visits, 94% ended in hospitalization (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 93-94%). Each additional decade of age conferred 1.23x increased odds of hospitalization. Those with private (92%), self-pay (92%), and other (93%) insurance were less likely to be hospitalized than those with public insurance (95%, odds ratios [OR] 0.74-0.76). Hospitalization was least likely at non-metropolitan hospitals (84%, OR 0.15 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals), and was also less likely at metropolitan non-teaching hospitals (94%, OR 0.64 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals). The ICC adjusted for hospital random effects and patient and hospital characteristics was 26% (95%CI 23-29%), indicating that 26% of the variability in hospitalization rate was attributable to which hospital the patient visited. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Nearly all cancer-associated ED FN visits in the US end in hospitalization. Inter-hospital variation in hospitalization practices explains 26% of the limited variability in hospitalization decisions. Simple, objective tools are needed to improve risk stratification for ED FN patients

Pengaruh Infusa Wortel (Daucus Carota L.) Terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Jantan Yang Diinduksi Uranium

Ginjal merupakan organ vital yang berperan sangat penting dalam mempertahankan kestabilan lingkungan dalam tubuh dengan fungsi utama yaitu filtrasi oleh glomerulus, reabsorbsi dan sekresi tubulus. Kerusakan sel ginjal sampai kematian sel akan menyebabkan fungsi ginjal terganggu. Efek paparan senyawa radioaktif salah satunya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan sel-sel ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh infusa wortel (Daucus carota L.) dalam mencegah gangguan sel ginjal akibat paparan uranium. Uji proteksi dilakukan dengan membagi 30 tikus jantan dewasa menjadi enam kelompok masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor. Kelompok I tanpa diberi perlakuan, kelompok II diberi uranium 8 ppm dosis 0,01 mL/g BB sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok III sebagai kontrol positif dengan vitamin C 200 mg/70 kg BB yang diberikan 15 menit sebelum pemajanan uranium, kelompok IV,V, dan VI sebagai kelompok uji proteksi kerusakan sel ginjal diberi infusa wortel (Daucus carota L.) berturut-turut 10%, 20%, 30% dengan dosis 0,01 mL/g BB 15 menit sebelum diberi uranium 8 ppm dosis 0,01 mL/g BB. Lima hari kemudian hewan dikorbankan dan diambil organ ginjalnya untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan makroskopis dan mikroskopis berupa pengamatan kondisi fisik organ ginjal, pengamatan terhadap nekrosis sel ginjal, dan skoring tipe kerusakan untuk menganalisis efek proteksinya. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menyimpulkan bahwa infusa wortel dapat mengurangi kerusakan sel ginjal akibat paparan senyawa radioaktif uranium.Kidney is the vital organ which has an importance role in maintaining environmental stability of the body, with the main functions are glomerulus filtration, reabsorption and secretion by tubulus. The damage of kidney cells will reduce kidney function. If a kidney is exposed to radioactive substance it could deteriorate the kidney. The aim of this research was to find out the effect of carrot infusion used to prevent kidney cells disorder due to uranium exposure. Thirty rats wistar strain divided into 5 groups were used in this study, comprising of 5 rats in each groups throughout the experiment. Group I was a normal control group. Group II was given uranium of 8 ppm 0,01 mL/g BW as negative control group. Group III was given vitamin C of 200 mg/70 kgBW 15 minute prior to uranium exposure. Group IV-VI were given carrot infusion at 10%, 20%, 30% dose of 0,01 mL/g BW 15 minutes prior to uranium exposure. The rats were sacrificed in day-5, to observe the kidneys damage upon macroscopy and microscopy examination, involving physical condition of the kidney, necrosis of kidney cells and scoring the damage of kidney cells. The microscopic examination toward necrosis of kidney cells showed that carrot infusion can reduce cell damage due to radioactive compound of uranium