Transformation of Waste Coal Fly Ash into Zeolites for Environmental Applications

The generation of a large quantity of waste coal fly ash (CFA) via coal combustion process during power generation is of major concern as disposal of such huge quantity of fly ash causes serious threats to the environment. There is an exigent need to find out the proper solution for its disposal/utilization to reduce its harmful effects. The composition of waste coal fly ash mostly consists of silica and alumina. Hence, the researchers are tempted to utilize waste coal fly ash as a starting ingredient to make value-added materials like zeolites. It is anticipated that such research efforts will act as a valuable aid to reduce the disposal cost of fly ash and ultimately reduce harmful effects of fly ash to the environment. In this review, various synthesis methods to synthesize different types of zeolites from CFA, such as Zeolite-A, Zeolite-X and Zeolite-P, have been summarized and their potential for various applications such as sorption and catalysis has been explored

Colorimetric studies of heterocyclic monoazo dyes on various fibres

372-377A series of heterocyclic monoazo quinazolinone based heterocyclic monoazo dyes derived by the diazotization of 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with various phenyl pyrazolones based coupling components has been studied. These dyes give mostly yellow shades. All the heterocyclic monoazo dyes have been characterized by their % yield, UV–VIS spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and dyeing performance on silk, wool, nylon, and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres is found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres show moderate to very good light fastness and good to excellent washing and rub fastness properties. Spectral properties and colorimetric data (L*, a*, b*, C*, H*, K/S) have also been investigated

Ionic liquid mediated cloud point extraction of Blue BG dye

1409-1413<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-US">Cloud point extraction has been adopted for the separation of Blue BG dye using the ionic liquid, tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, as an additive with non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. The effects of various operating parameters such as temperature, time and concentrations of surfactant, dye and IL on extraction of dye have been studied in detail to find out the optimum conditions. The extraction of dye is found to increase with increase in temperature, time, surfactant concentration and IL concentration. The Langmuir isotherm has been used to compute the feed surfactant concentration required for the removal of Blue BG dye up to an extraction efficiency of 90%. The effects of temperature and concentration of surfactant on various thermodynamic parameters have been examined; the values of G0  increases with temperature and decreases with surfactant concentration. The values of H0  and S0  increase with surfactant concentration.</span

Modification and characterization of Mordenite zeolite derived from waste coal fly ash and its application as a heterogeneous catalyst for the n-butyl levulinate synthesis

The thermal power plants produce huge quantity of fly ash as waste materials, and dumped in to the ash dykes, which occupies several acres of land and ultimately, spoil it. Researchers are looking for the reasonable treatment process to convert the fly ash into useful materials like zeolites. In this work, fly ash derived Mordenite zeolite has been synthesized with improved catalytic activity. The utility of this material is demonstrated as a solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate from biomass derived levulinic acid. This study demonstrates successful cost effective transformation of fly ash into environmentally benign catalyst