CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY

Biological decolorization of Benazol Black ZN, a reactive azo-type textile dyestuff, was comparatively studied using 3 different commercial-type white rot fungi strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, Pleurotus djamor, and 2 wild types of P. ostreatus (MCC07 and MCC20) isolated from the nature. The initial dye concentrations in the medium were 500 and 1000 mgL(-1). All the organisms studied decolorized Benazol Black ZN to varying degrees. At low dye concentration, both commercial and wild type of P. ostreatus resulted in the best decolorization, conversely, wild-type P.aostreatus (MCC07) was found to be much more robust against increasing dye concentration and provided the best decolorization efficiency at high dye concentration

Factors of success of product placement using the example of Stranger Things

Die vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Erfolgsfaktoren von Product Placement in TV-Serien am Beispiel Stranger Things. Unter Einbeziehung durch wissenschaftliche Studien und einer detaillierten Analyse wird die Serie überprüft, ob erfolgreiches Product Placement betrieben wurde. Am Ende werden im Fazit die wichtigsten Faktoren herausgefiltert und endet mit der Sicht in die Zukunft

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY

In this study, cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on wheat straw substrate containing tap water and olive mill effluent (OME) mixture containing varying volume of OME was studied in order to investigate the feasibility of using OME as an alternative wetting agent and OME's impact on some fundamental food quality characteristics of mushrooms. Time period for mycelial colonization, primordium initiation and first harvest were comparatively evaluated with the control group. It was shown that the use of OME and tap water mixture consisting of OME up to 25% volumetrically was possible for the purpose of commercial mushroom production. Experimental results obtained from substrate containing 25% OME mixture showed no statistically significant difference compared to control group. The negative effects of increasing volume of OME in the mixture were also indicated by bioefficiency, which was found to be 13.8% for substrates wetted with 100% OME, whereas bioefficiency was 53.6% for control group. Increasing volume of OME in the mixture resulted in deformation of fruit body shape, whereas no significant difference in food quality was observed due to the higher amount of OME. This work suggested that the use of OME up to 25% as moisturizer could be considered, especially for the locations having significant number of olive mills and mushroom producers, both as an environmentally friendly solution for the safe and ecological disposal of OME and a practical way for recovering OME's economic value thereby. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY

The chemical composition and nutritional value of a wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom from southwestern Anatolia, Tricholoma anatolicum, were analyzed. Moisture, crude oil, protein, ash, total carbohydrate content, and mineral composition of the mushrooms studied, including Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cd, and Pb, were determined. The energy values of the samples were also calculated. The analyses were conducted during the 3 different growing stages of the mushrooms: mycelium, young fruiting bodies, and mature fruiting bodies. The highest values for moisture and crude oil contents were found to be in the mycelium, ash, and carbohydrate content of young fruiting bodies. In addition, Na content was found to be the highest in mycelium. The highest values for Fe were found in the young fruiting bodies, and K, Zn, Cu, and Ca were at their highest values in mature bodies. None of the samples contained heavy metals Cd or Pb

FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN

A screening test for five different white rot fungal strains (Pleurotus species: Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. sajorcaju) was carried out to assess their decolorisation capacities for five different textile dyestuffs, namely Indanthren yellow F3GC Collosiol (IYFC), Blue CC Dranix (BCCD), Indanthren Blue CLF Collosiol (IB), Remazol Brilliant Blue BB (RB), and Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B (LBB) on agar plates. Full decolorisation was observed only for RB and LBB (dye concentrations <20 mg L-1). Similar to LBB dye, IB was also not decolorized at all dye concentrations above 20 mg L-1, but the original color of the dye was converted into yellow below 20 mg L-1 by all organisms used. None of the organism used in this study was able to fully decolorize IYFC dye, but conversion of original color of the dye into brown was observed for all dye concentrations. In addition, no decolorisation was observed for BCCD at all dye concentrations used. In terms of radial growth, in most cases, low dye concentrations (< 200 mg L-1) were well tolerated by the organisms used, except for some of them, showing either retardation or full inhibition in growth

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Lignin is probably one of the most recalcitrant compounds synthesized by plants. This compound is degraded by few microorganisms. White-rot fungi have been extensively studied due to its powerful ligninolytic enzymes. In this study, ligninolytic enzyme activities of different fungal species (six commercial and 13 wild) were investigated in solid and liquid culture media. It was postulated that, among the wild strains, only Pleurotus ostreatus-1 (MCC45), P. ostreatus-2 (MCC40), Pleurotus eryngii-1 (MCC25) and P. eryngii-2 (MCC26), and commercial strains P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii presented lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. All enzymes tested in this study were not determined in Rigidoporus ulmarius, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Tricholoma caligatum as well as commercial strain Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Therefore, the results of the present study allow us to conclude that wild P. ostreatus and P. eryngii are good candidates for scale-up ligninolytic enzyme production