Успешная сердечно-легочная реанимация с использованием экстракорпоральной мембранной оксигенации (клинический случай)

A clinical case of treatment of a 64-year-old  patient with cardiac arrest is presented. In the complex of resuscitation measures, an automatic chest compression machine was used, and upon admission to the hospital, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was connected as the main method of maintaining effective blood circulation as soon as possible. The interaction of a multidisciplinary team was demonstrated, the features of decision-making when choosing a hemodynamic support  method, the complications that  arose and possible difficulties were described.Представлен клинический случай лечения пациента 64 лет с внезапной клинической смертью. В комплексе реанимационных мероприятий применялся аппарат автоматической компрессии грудной клетки, а также при поступлении в стационар в кратчайшие сроки была подключена вено-артериальная экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация как основной метод поддержания эффективного кровообращения. Продемонстрированы взаимодействие мультидисциплинарной команды, особенности  принятия решений при выборе метода поддержки гемодинамики, описаны возникшие при этом осложнения и возможные  трудности

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies

Опыт работы ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова по оказанию помощи больным с новой коронавирусной инфекцией: первые итоги и уроки

The constant mutation of the virus and the complicated epidemiological situation in other countries keep the probability of a third wave of the pandemic in the Russian Federation fairly high. It is important to summarize the gained experience as fast as possible to use it appropriately once it is needed.The objective: to analyze the specific parameters of care for critically ill patients with the novel coronavirus infection in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center.Subjects and methods. This is a result-based report on the work performed by the Infection Center, which was deployed twice in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center (from 28.04.2020 to 03.08.2020 and from 01.11.2020 to 15.03.2021). Totally, 3,830 patients with SARS-CoV-2 were managed (1,680 patients during the first deployment and 2,150 patients during the second one). In the preparatory period, the operation of the emergency department based on the inpatient emergency medical department (EMD) had been simulated to clarify its staff structure and the procedure for admission, examination, and treatment of patients. Here we compare the organizational approaches during the first and second waves of the pandemic and present the characteristics of the demographic data of the treated patients, the incidence of certain complications, and outcomes.Results. The overall lethality in the Center made 6.2%. Despite the experience gained in the first wave, the results of treatment during the second wave (autumn-winter) did not improve (5.7% died in the first wave and 6.7% in the second one). Lethality in ICU and EMD was 40.0% and 49.6%, in ICU only – 38.5% and 46.9% respectively. A moderate lethality increase in ICU was due to the concentration of critically ill and most critically ill patients. There were 51.4% of patients with comorbidities and 53.5% were above 65 years of age. Refinement and differentiation of tasks performed by departments, simulation of the operation of the Center before opening made it possible to increase the throughput of the medical unit avoiding rush during admission and deterioration the quality of treatment.Conclusion. Certain aspects of the organization of medical care affect the performance of a multidisciplinary medical institution transformed into an infectious diseases hospital. The experience gained under such circumstances can be useful in other emergencies with a large number of victims and patients.Постоянная мутация вируса, сложная эпидемическая обстановка в других странах сохраняют довольно высокой вероятность развития третьей волны пандемии в Российской Федерации. Важно максимально быстро обобщать накопленный опыт в целях его эффективного использования в случае необходимости.Цель: проанализировать особенности системы оказания помощи тяжелобольным с новой коронавирусной инфекцией в многопрофильной клинике ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова.Материал и методы. Представлены итоги работы инфекционного Центра, дважды развертываемого в многопрофильной клинике учреждения (с 28.04.2020 г. по 3.08.2020 г. и с 1.11.2020 г. по 15.03.2021 г.), принявшего в общей сложности 3 830 больных с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (сначала 1 680 пациентов, затем 2 150). В подготовительном периоде проведено моделирование работы приемного отделения, созданного на базе стационарного отделения скорой медицинской помощи (СОСМП), для уточнения его штатной структуры и порядка приема, обследования и лечения больных. Проведено сопоставление организационных подходов в первую и вторую волну пандемии, представлены характеристика демографических данных пролеченных больных, частота развития некоторых осложнений, исходы.Результаты. Общая летальность в Центре составила 6,2%. Несмотря на накопленный в рамках первой волны опыт, результаты лечения на втором этапе (осень-зима) не улучшились (в 1-ю волну умерло 5,7%, во вторую – 6,7%). Летальность на реанимационных койках в целом составила 40,0 и 49,6% соответственно, непосредственно в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ) – 38,5 и 46,9%. Умеренный рост летальности обусловлен увеличением степени тяжести состояния поступавших пациентов, а в ОРИТ, кроме того, концентрацией больных в тяжелом и крайне тяжелом состоянии, среди которых лиц с сопутствующей патологией было 51,4%, старше 65 лет ‒ 53,5%. Системные решения по уточнению и дифференциации задач, решаемых отдельными подразделениями Центра, с учетом результатов моделирования работы в подготовительный период и неоднородности контингента получавших интенсивное лечение пациентов (расширение роли СОСМП, создание специализированных палат для CPAP-терапии, дифференциация на группы и др.) позволили повысить пропускную способность медицинской организации, не создавая ажиотажа при приеме и не ухудшая качество лечения.Заключение. Аспекты организации медицинской помощи влияют на результаты работы трансформируемого в инфекционный стационар многопрофильного учреждения. Накопленный при этом опыт может быть полезен и в других чрезвычайных ситуациях, сопровождающихся появлением большого числа пострадавших и больных

The multi-stripe travelling salesman problem

In the classical Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), the objective function sums the costs for travelling from one city to the next city along the tour. In the q-stripe TSP with q ≥ 1, the objective function sums the costs for travelling from one city to each of the next q cities along the tour. The resulting q-stripe TSP generalizes the TSP and forms a special case of the quadratic assignment problem. We analyze the computational complexity of the q-stripe TSP for various classes of specially structured distance matrices. We derive NP-hardness results as well as polyomially solvable cases. One of our main results generalizes a well-known theorem of Kalmanson from the classical TSP to the q-stripe TSP

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29