Importance of Soil Quality in Environment Protection

Soil quality can be characterised by the harmony between it’s physical and biological state and the fertility. From the practical crop production viewpoint, some important contrasting factors of soil quality are: (1) soil looseness – compaction; (2) aggregation – clod and dust formation; friable structure – smeared or cracked structure; (3) organic material: conservation – decrease; (4) soil moisture: conservation – loss; water transmission – water-logging; (5) at least soil condition as a result of the long term ef ect of land use moderates or strengthens climatic harm. In our long-term research project practical soil quality factors were examined in arable i eld and experimental conditions. We state that prevention of the soil quality deterioration can be done by the developing and maintaining harmony between land use and environment. Elements of the soil quality conditions such as looseness, aggregation, workability, organic matter, water transport are examined and the improving methods are suggested. Tillage and production factors which can be adopted to alleviate the harmful climatic impacts are also summarised

A Special Structural Based Weighted Network Approach for the Analysis of Protein Complexes

The detection and analysis of protein complexes is essential for understanding the functional mechanism and cellular integrity. Recently, several techniques for detecting and analysing protein complexes from Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) dataset have been developed. Most of those techniques are inefficient in terms of detecting, overlapping complexes, exclusion of attachment protein in complex core, inability to detect inherent structures of underlying complexes, have high false-positive rates and an enrichment analysis. To address these limitations, we introduce a special structural-based weighted network approach for the analysis of protein complexes based on a Weighted Edge, Core-Attachment and Local Modularity structures (WECALM). Experimental results indicate that WECALM performs relatively better than existing algorithms in terms of accuracy, computational time, and p-value. A functional enrichment analysis also shows that WECALM is able to identify a large number of biologically significant protein complexes. Overall, WECALM outperforms other approaches by striking a better balance of accuracy and efficiency in the detection of protein complexes

Subsoil compaction as a climate damage indicator

Some forms of soil compaction occur on arable lands both in Hungary (1.82 million ha) and in Croatia (0.97 million ha) having negative impacts on agricultural production. Tillage-induced subsoil compaction has oft en occurred in the Pannonian region in relation to traffi c-induced compaction. Soil compaction has become a soil management problem during the last decade as a result of the occurrence of periods of water-logging as well as droughts. Th is study contains an evaluation of factors relating to subsoil compaction, as indicator of climate eff ects on arable fi elds. Th is paper is based on soil condition monitoring and measuring that was started 32 years ago and on short and long-term experiments modelling and checking the extension of compaction in the soil. Th e survey comprised 1526 monitoring places and 38 experimental plots. Th e following fi ve points were chosen for monitoring: 1) root zone state (to a depth of 0-60 cm); 2) occurrence of compacted layer (indicating likelihood of risk); 3) extension of the compacted layer (indicating the degree of damage); 4) long term eff ects of tillage (soil state deterioration or improvement), and 5) tillage-induced water-logging and drought damage impacts on yield loss. Th e main objectives of the experiments were: 1) occurrence and the extent of tillage-pan damage in soils of diff erent susceptibility to compaction; 2) consequences on water management in each of the years covered by the experiments; 3) soil quality consequences, and 4) alleviation of pan-compaction by mechanical and biological methods. Long-term fi eld monitoring and experimental work have both convincingly proven a correlation between subsoil compaction and the degree of climatic damage. In view of the fi ndings, trends in soil tillage can be grouped into the following two categories: climate damage mitigating and climate-stress increasing ones. Th e formation and location of compacted layers provided information concerning the depth, the method and the type of tillage applied, along with the expected risk for crop production under extreme climate conditions

Adaptive Savitzky–Golay Filters for Analysis of Copy Number Variation Peaks from Whole-Exome Sequencing Data

Copy number variation (CNV) is a form of structural variation in the human genome that provides medical insight into complex human diseases; while whole-genome sequencing is becoming more affordable, whole-exome sequencing (WES) remains an important tool in clinical diagnostics. Because of its discontinuous nature and unique characteristics of sparse target-enrichment-based WES data, the analysis and detection of CNV peaks remain difficult tasks. The Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing is well known as a fast and efficient smoothing method. However, no study has documented the use of this technique for CNV peak detection. It is well known that the effectiveness of the classical SG filter depends on the proper selection of the window length and polynomial degree, which should correspond with the scale of the peak because, in the case of peaks with a high rate of change, the effectiveness of the filter could be restricted. Based on the Savitzky–Golay algorithm, this paper introduces a novel adaptive method to smooth irregular peak distributions. The proposed method ensures high-precision noise reduction by dynamically modifying the results of the prior smoothing to automatically adjust parameters. Our method offers an additional feature extraction technique based on density and Euclidean distance. In comparison to classical Savitzky–Golay filtering and other peer filtering methods, the performance evaluation demonstrates that adaptive Savitzky–Golay filtering performs better. According to experimental results, our method effectively detects CNV peaks across all genomic segments for both short and long tags, with minimal peak height fidelity values (i.e., low estimation bias). As a result, we clearly demonstrate how well the adaptive Savitzky–Golay filtering method works and how its use in the detection of CNV peaks can complement the existing techniques used in CNV peak analysis

DAAM family members leading a novel path into formin research.

Formins are an important and evolutionarily well conserved class of actin binding proteins with essential biological functions. Although their molecular roles in actin regulation have been clearly demonstrated in vitro, their functions at the cellular or organism levels are still poorly understood. To illustrate this problem, but also to demonstrate potential ways forward, we focus here on the DAAM group of formins. In vertebrates, DAAM group members have been demonstrated to be important regulators of cellular and tissue morphogenesis but, as for all formins, the molecular mechanisms underlying these morphogenetic functions remain to be uncovered. The genome of the fruitfly Drosophila encodes a single DAAM gene that is evolutionarily highly conserved. Recent work on dDAAM has already provided a unique combination of observations and experimental opportunities unrivalled by any other Drosophila formin. These comprise in vitro actin polymerisation assays, subcellular studies in culture and in vivo, and a range of developmental phenotypes revealing a role in tracheal morphogenesis, axonal growth and muscle organization. At all these levels, future work on dDAAM will capitalize on the power of fly genetics, raising unique opportunities to advance our understanding of dDAAM at the systems level, with obvious implications for other formins

Importance of Soil Quality in Environment Protection

Soil quality can be characterised by the harmony between it’s physical and biological state and the fertility. From the practical crop production viewpoint, some important contrasting factors of soil quality are: (1) soil looseness – compaction; (2) aggregation – clod and dust formation; friable structure – smeared or cracked structure; (3) organic material: conservation – decrease; (4) soil moisture: conservation – loss; water transmission – water-logging; (5) at least soil condition as a result of the long term effect of land use moderates or strengthens climatic harm. In our long-term research project practical soil quality factors were examined in arable field and experimental conditions. We state that prevention of the soil quality deterioration can be done by the developing and maintaining harmony between land use and environment. Elements of the soil quality conditions such as looseness, aggregation, workability, organic matter, water transport are examined and the improving methods are suggested. Tillage and production factors which can be adopted to alleviate the harmful climatic impacts are also summarised

Lukács György levelezése 1945 és 1971 között = The Correspondence of George Lukács between 1945 and 1971

A kutatás a technikai feltételek megteremtésével kezdődött (számítógép- és szkennervásárlás, korlátlan internethasználat). Elkészült a Lukács Archívum honlapja: www.lua.hu. Megkezdődött, majd más forrásból kapott támogatással befejeződött a Lukács-levelezés digitális katalogizálása. Elvégeztük a Lukács 1945 utáni leveleinek más levéltárakból, archívumokból való fölgyűjtését, a kiadási és szerkesztési koncepció kidolgozását, az előválogatást, továbbá az életrajzi, kapcsolati segédletek elkészítését, a kiadni tervezett magyar nyelvű levelek jelentős részének abc- és időrendi jegyzékét, a magyar anyag annotálását. Megkezdődött a német nyelvű levelezés hasonló szempontú feltérképezése, a további kutatás szempontjainak kidolgozása. | Research began with building the technical infrastructure (purchase of computers, scanners, broadband internet connection). The website of the Lukács Archive has also been created: www.lua.hu. Digital cataloguing of the Lukács correspondence was started. This process was later completed using financial support from other sources. We collected Lukács? post-1945 correspondence from different archives, elaborated the conception for editing and publication, did the pre-selection, and prepared the biographical supplements. We also finished the alphabetical and chronological catalogue of most of the Hungarian letters to be published, as well as the annotation of the Hungarian material. A similar work on the German-language correspondence, along with the preparation of further aspects of research, has been started