Application of electrodialytic pilot plant for fluoride removal

Removal of fluorine from water was investigated by electrodialysis method. In order to check the efficacy of ED unit, parameters like applied potential, pH; initial fluoride concentrations and flow rates were varied. Significant results were obtained with concentrations of less than 10 ppm. Results were satisfactory in meeting the maximum contaminate level (MCL) of 0.01 ppm for fluoride. Effect of working parameters on energy consumption was investigated using ion-exchange membranes. Results of this study are useful for designing and operating different capacities of ED plants for recovering different ions. The ED plant was found to be satisfactory to produce a good quality drinking water from the simulated mixture by removing the unwanted ions.Исследовано удаление фтора из воды методом электродиализа. Для проверки эффективности электродиализной установки варьировали приложенную разность потенциалов, начальную концентрацию фторида и скорость потока. Важные результаты были получены при начальной концентрации фторида <10 мг/дм3. С использованием ионообменных мембран исследовано влияние рабочих параметров на энергопотребление. Результаты данной работы будут полезны для разработки и планирования производительности электродиализной установки при выделении различных ионов. Электродиализная установка оказалась эффективной для получения питьевой воды хорошего качества из модельных растворов путем удаления нежелательных ионов.Досліджено видалення фтору з води методом електродіалізу. Для перевірки ефективності електродіалізної установки варіювали прикладену різницю потенціалів, початкову концентра цію фторидута швидкість потоку. Важливі результати були отримані при початковій концентрації фториду <10 мг/дм3. З використанням іонообмінних мембран досліджено вплив робочих параметрів на енергоспоживання. Результати цієї роботи будуть корисні длярозробки та планування продуктивності електродіалізної установки при виділенні різних іонів.Електродіалізна установка виявилася ефективною для отримання питної води хорошої якості з модельних розчинів шляхом видалення - небажаних іоні

Physicochemical properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids

Objective: To study physicochemical properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids. Methods: The substituted 4-bromomethyl coumarins were synthesized in first step by the cyclization. Then the reaction of substituted coumarins (a-e) with potassium O-ethyl/methyl carbonodithioate (1) by using absolute ethanol as solvent, afforded coumarin-carbonodithioate (1a-1j) derivatives under microwave irradiation and the conventional method. The spectroscopic analysis was used for the characterization of coumarin derivatives. The title (1a-1j) compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Antioxidant property was evaluated by using DPPH free radical-scavenging ability assay method and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by protein denaturation procedure using diclofenac sodium as a standard. Drug-likeness. In-silico toxicity was predicted with LD50 value and bioactivity score was also calculated for all the compounds. Results: All coumarin (1a-1j) compounds exhibited promising in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in comparison to standard drugs. All tested compounds were used for evaluating their physicochemical properties as set by Lipinski rule. It was observed that the synthesized compounds followed rule of five, indicating more ‘drug-like’ nature. Conclusions: All the screened coumarin-carbonodithioates display promising in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. From the physicochemical properties of coumarin derivatives, it is found that none of the compounds violate the Lipinski rule and they fall well in the range of rule of five. It is concluded that the coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrids act with more ‘drug-like’ nature

Supplementary data from Microwave-assisted synthesis, computational studies and antibacterial/anti-inflammatory activities of compounds based on coumarin-pyrazole hybrid

Spectra of each derivative

Microwave assisted synthesis of coumarin-purine derivatives: An approach to in vitro anti-oxidant, DNA cleavage, crystal structure, DFT studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis

An easy and efficient microwave-assisted protocol has been developed for the synthesis of coumarin-purine hybrids (3a-3j). The newly constructed 1,3-dimethyl-7-((substituted)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical-scavenging ability assay and DNA cleavage by using calf thymus. The compound 3i, shows the most excellent DPPH scavenging activity with a –OH substitution at C7 of coumarin ring. In addition, the structure of compound 3f, has been elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Theoretical calculations (DFT) were carried out using Gaussian09 program package and B3LYP correlation function. Full geometry optimization were carried out using 6-311G++(d, p) basis set and the frontier orbital energy were presented. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used for the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The experimental result of the compound 3f has been compared with the theoretical results and it was found that the experimental data are in a good agreement with the calculated values

Unique occurrence of unusual fatty acid in the seed oil of Aegle marmelos Corre: Screening the rich source of seed oil for bio-energy production

In this work, an attempt has been made to characterize, isolate and elucidate the structure of unusual fatty acid in the seed oil of Aegle marmelos Corre. Further, this nonedible seed oil is screened for its bio-diesel or industrial feedstock property. The Aegle marmelos Corre seeds yielded 49.0% oil. The seed oil contains 12.5% of 12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid (ricinoleic acid) along with other normal fatty acids. The identification and characterization was supported by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, GC analysis and chemical degradation technique. A good agreement is seen between the calculated and experimental results of iodine value (IV) and saponification value (SV). The prominent parameters of bio-diesel such as cetane number (CN), lower heating value (LHV) and higher heating value (HHV) are deployed to envisage the quality of oil for use as bio-diesel. This seed oil is nonedible and is found to be the alternative feed stock for the production of bio-diesel since it convenes the major specifications of bio-diesel. The bio-diesel property of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of this seed oil is compared with other bio-diesels.Aegle marmelos Corre Ricinoleic acid Bio-diesel Cetane number Lower heating value Higher heating value

PTA (H3PO4·12WO3·xH2O): An eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of new Schiff-bases containing benzimidazole moiety

In this study H3PO4·12WO3·xH2O is found to catalyze the preparation of Schiff bases from the reaction of 3-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)naphthalene-2-amine with different aldehydes efficiently in ethanol. The advantages of this environmental friendly and mild method are such as simplicity of the reaction procedure, the elimination of solvents, simple work-up, high product yields and short reaction times. The products were characterized by FT-IR 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis