Effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties.

AIM: To determine the effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties using Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. METHODS: Using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the temperament and character profiles of 41 participants with refractive errors (17 with myopia, 12 with hyperopia, and 12 with myopic astigmatism) were compared to those of 30 healthy control participants. Here, temperament comprised the traits of novelty seeking, harm-avoidance, and reward dependence, while character comprised traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. RESULTS: Participants with refractive error showed significantly lower scores on purposefulness, cooperativeness, empathy, helpfulness, and compassion (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Refractive error might have a negative influence on some character traits, and different types of refractive error might have different temperament and character properties. These personality traits may be implicated in the onset and/or perpetuation of refractive errors and may be a productive focus for psychotherapy

Effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties

AIM: To determine the effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties using Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. METHODS: Using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the temperament and character profiles of 41 participants with refractive errors (17 with myopia, 12 with hyperopia, and 12 with myopic astigmatism) were compared to those of 30 healthy control participants. Here, temperament comprised the traits of novelty seeking, harm-avoidance, and reward dependence, while character comprised traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. RESULTS: Participants with refractive error showed significantly lower scores on purposefulness, cooperativeness, empathy, helpfulness, and compassion (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Refractive error might have a negative influence on some character traits, and different types of refractive error might have different temperament and character properties. These personality traits may be implicated in the onset and/or perpetuation of refractive errors and may be a productive focus for psychotherapy. © 2015, International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office). All rights reserved

The Effect of Breastfeeding on Massage Therapy in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities, with a varied incidence of between 1.2% and 30%. It is caused by an imperforate membrane at the Hasner’s valve (HV). Spontaneous resolution of the obstruction occurs within 12 months in 32% to 95% of cases. The treatment recommended by most ophthalmologists is lacrimal sac massage and, when necessary, topical antibiotics. Applying lacrimal sac massage adequately and effectively reduces the need for further interventions such as probing or silicone intubation. However, it can be difficult to restrain an infant in order to perform lacrimal sac massage. In our clinical practice, mothers always state that performing lacrimal sac massage is much easier while breastfeeding. In this study we compared the breastfeeding durations for patients with CNLDO who improved with only lacrimal sac massage with those for patients who required probing