CINet: A Learning Based Approach to Incremental Context Modeling in Robots

There have been several attempts at modeling context in robots. However, either these attempts assume a fixed number of contexts or use a rule-based approach to determine when to increment the number of contexts. In this paper, we pose the task of when to increment as a learning problem, which we solve using a Recurrent Neural Network. We show that the network successfully (with 98\% testing accuracy) learns to predict when to increment, and demonstrate, in a scene modeling problem (where the correct number of contexts is not known), that the robot increments the number of contexts in an expected manner (i.e., the entropy of the system is reduced). We also present how the incremental model can be used for various scene reasoning tasks.Comment: The first two authors have contributed equally, 6 pages, 8 figures, International Conference on Intelligent Robots (IROS 2018

Morfološka i kemijska varijabilnost plodova medvjeđe lijeske (Corylus colurna L.) na području Turske

AbstractTurkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is naturally distributed in southeast Europe, Anatolia, the Caucasus and Western Himalayas. In Turkey, there are many isolated populations in the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolian Regions. Many of the small populations in Turkey are endangered. In this study, the morphological and chemical characteristics of Turkish hazelnut fruits collected from seven populations were researched. In this regard, considering the morphological characteristics of fruits and kernels, significant differences were observed between the populations. Length, width, thickness, and weight averages were 15.98 mm, 15.38 mm, 12.00 mm and 1.4651 g in the fruits, and 13.03 mm, 11.22 mm, 7.64 mm and 0.5047 g in the kernels, respectively. The average shell thickness was 1.92 mm, shell weight was 0.9604 g, and kernel ratio was 35.16%. Statistically significant differences were found out between the populations whose chemical contents were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the average fat content, protein, starch, and ash were 64.1%, 15.9%, 10.2 g, and 2.5%, respectively. According to the averages in the obtained fatty acids, the main fatty acids were oleic acid (79.53%), linoleic acid (11.34%), palmitic acid (5.68%), and stearic acid (2.03%), while the rest of other oils were found in trace amounts. Overall, our results suggest that the information relating to morphological and chemical characteristics of Turkish hazelnut can be useful for discriminating among populations.SažetakMedvjeđa lijeska (Corylus colurna L.) prirodno je rasprostranjena u jugoistočnoj Europi, Anatoliji, Kavkazu i zapadnoj Himalaji. U Turskoj postoje mnoge izolirane populacije ove vrste u regijama Crnog mora, Mramornog mora, Egeja i središnje Anatolije. Mnoge male populacije medvjeđe lijeske u Turskoj su ugrožene. U ovoj studiji istraživana su morfološka i kemijska svojstva lješnjaka prikupljenih iz sedam populacija na području Turske. Provedenim istraživanjem utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između populacija s obzirom na morfološke karakteristike plodova i sjemenki. Prosječne vrijednosti za dužinu, širinu, debljinu i masu plodova bile su 16,04 mm, 15,38 mm, 12,00 mm i 1,4650 g te za dužinu, širinu, debljinu i masu sjemenke 13,03 mm, 11,21 mm, 7,64 mm i 0,5047 g. Prosječna debljina ljuske bila je 1,91 mm, težina ljuske 0,9603 g, a omjer jezgre 34,64%. Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između populacija čiji je kemijski sastav analiziran. Kao rezultat analize, prosječni sadržaj masti, proteina, škroba i pepela iznosio je 64,1%, 15,9%, 10,2 g, odnosno 2,5%. Prema prosjeku u dobivenim masnim kiselinama, glavne masne kiseline bile su oleinska (79,53%), linolna (11,34%), palmitinska (5,68%) i stearinska kiselina (2,03%), dok su ostale masti bile pronađena u tragovima. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da se morfološke i kemijske karakteristike plodova medvjeđe lijeske mogu uspješno koristiti za razlikovanje populacija

The efficacy of adalimumab on experimentally induced spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective: Paraplegia is a dangerous complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Various studies have been conducted on the prevention of this complication and some spinal cord protection methods have been proposed. However, there is not any modality that prevent the development of paraplegia certainly. In the I / R period, primary injury triggers secondary injury due to increased inflammation, apoptosis and free radical formation. In this study, we evaluated that the neuroprotective effect of adalimumab in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.  Materials and Methods: In total, 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, ischemia-reperfusion by infrarenal aortic clamping; Group 3, adalimumab treated followed by ischemia. Tissue and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed as a marker of inflammation and oxidation. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. Results: I/R injury significantly increases plasma and spinal cord tissue at TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 levels and reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 and increases plasma and tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Conclusion: Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces the spinal cord neuronal damage score and the number of apoptotic cells. This paper aims to demonstrate the important neuroprotective effects of adalimumab on rabbit spinal cord I/R injury

An Application Of The Crystography

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The diagnostic value of serum copeptin levels in an acute pulmonary embolism

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a common disease which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Circulating level of copeptin, which was demonstrated to be elevated in heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary arterial hypertension, were reported to be independent predictors of poor outcome in recent studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical utility of copeptin in the diagnosis of APE. Methods: A total of 90 consecutive patients, admitted to emergency service due to acute chest pain and/or dyspnea and who underwent pulmonary computerized tomography angiography (CTA) due to suspicion of APE, were included in this prospective study. The patients diagnosed with APE were defined as APE (+) group and the remaining individuals with normal pulmonary CTA result were defined as APE (–) group. Results: Copeptin levels (7.76 ± 4.4 vs. 3.81 ± 1.34 ng/dL; p < 0.001) were higher in the APE (+) group as compared to the APE (–) group. Copeptin was significantly positively correlated with B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.434, p < 0.001), D-dimer (r = 0.315, p = 0.003) and troponin I (r = 0.300, p = 0.004) and inversely correlated with arterial oxygen saturations (r = –0.533, p < 0001). When the correlation of copeptin with right ventricular dysfunction parameters was investigated, it was significantly inversely correlated with the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (r = –0.521, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with right to left ventricle ratio (r = 0.329, p = 0.024). Copeptin (OR 1.836, 95% CI 1.171–2.878, p = 0.008) was found as a significant independent predictor of APE in a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for other risk parameters.  Conclusions: Copeptin is a promising new biomarker, which may be used to support the need for further investigations and to improve the diagnosis of patients with APE.

Clonal relation of nasal MRSA carrier status among hospital personnel, hospitalized patients and community

Objectives: Nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among the healthcare workers(HCWs), hospitalized patients, and healthy individuals was investigated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for definingof clonally distribution of them.Methods: Totally 403 healthcare personnel, 744 patients, and 204 healthy individuals from the population were enrolled.Microbiological procedures were performed in the Bacteriological Laboratory at the Clinical Microbiology and InfectiousDiseases Department of Firat University, and PFGE procedures were performed in the Microbiology Department of InonuUniversity.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 296 (21.9%) of 1351 nasal swabs, and 69 out of 296 (23.3%) were defined asMRSA. Nasal S. aureus carrier state was identical between the patients and HCWs carrier state (p=0.14). It was significantlylower in healthy subjects than the other groups (p=0.02). Seventeen (25.8%) of 66 MRSA strains were defined to be in thecluster. These strains were in 7 different clusters. Among the typed strains, 21 had close relationship, 2 had possible relationship,and 26 had no relation. PFGE pattern was defined in 33 (50%) out of 66 strains and it was inconclusive in 3 strains.Conclusions: MRSA strains can be transferred commonly in the same hospital, among the hospitals located in the sameregion and the population. The results might be the indicators of increasing frequencies in population based MRSA infections.Multi-center studies are required to define clonally distribution of MRSA and the explanation of epidemiology maybe helpful for preventing and controlling of MRSA related infections. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 3(2): 49-55Key words: MRSA, nasal carrier, PFGE

DKAB ve İHL Meslek Dersleri Öğretmenlerinin İletişim Becerilerinin Öğrenci Tutumlarına Etkisi

The communication skills of teachers can cause many positive or bad effects in their future lives in terms of psycho-social and religious aspects by shaping students’ attitudes towards their lessons and school life. This study aims to examine the effects of religion lesson teachers working in the TRNC on their communication skills and students’ attitudes towards these lessons according to different variables. The study group of the research, which was designed according to the relational survey model using the quantitative research method, consists of 399 students selected by criterion-based purposive sampling method among 1117 students studying at Hala Sultan Theology College in the 2020-2021 academic year. According to the results of the research, it has been seen that the communication skills of the vocational course teachers with the students are at a high level, the female students communicate more easily with their teachers than the male students, and the communication skills of the teachers do not differ according to the grade levels. Students’ attitudes towards DKAB and IHL vocational courses are at a moderate level. While there is a significant difference between male and female students in terms of student attitudes, liking and interest dimensions according to the gender variable, there is no significant difference according to the class variable. There is a statistically positive and significant relationship between teachers’ communication skills and students’ attitudes towards DKAB and IHL vocational courses. Teachers’ communication skills significantly predict students’ attitudes towards their lessons.Öğretmenlerin iletişim becerileri, öğrencilerin başta derslerine yönelik tutumları olmak üzere, okul yaşantılarını şekillendirerek gelecek yaşamlarında psiko-sosyal ve dinî açıdan iyi/kötü birçok etkiye neden olabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde görev yapan DKAB ve İHL meslek dersleri öğretmenlerinin iletişim becerilerinin öğrencilerin DKAB ve İHL meslek derslerine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etkisinin farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yönteminde, öğretmen iletişim becerileri değerlendirme ölçeği ve din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi tutum ölçeği kullanılarak ilişkisel tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Hala Sultan İlahiyat Koleji’nde öğrenim gören 1117 öğrenci arasından ölçüt temelli amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 399 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, meslek dersleri öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerle olan iletişim becerilerin yüksek düzeyde olduğu, kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre öğretmenleriyle daha rahat iletişim kurduğu, öğretmenlerin iletişim becerilerinin sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılaşmadığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin DKAB ve İHL meslek derslerine yönelik tutumları orta düzeydedir. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre öğrenci tutumları, sevme ve ilgi boyutlarında kız ve erkek öğrenciler arasında anlamlı bir farklılık varken, sınıf değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Öğretmenlerin iletişim becerileri ile öğrencilerin DKAB ve İHL meslek derslerine yönelik tutumları arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif ve anlamlı yönde ilişkiler vardır. Öğretmenlerin iletişim becerileri, öğrencilerin derslerine yönelik tutumlarını anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır

The genetic resources of deer apple (Malus trilobata C.K. Schneid.) in Southern Marmara and Aegean Regions

Geyik elması (Malus trilobata C.K. Schneid.) ülkemizde nadir bulunan, kışın yaprağını döken ve dikensiz elma türlerinden biridir. Genel olarak ormanlarda ve tarımsal alanlarda, münferit veya küçük gruplar şeklinde yayılış gösterir. Doğal yayılışının büyük çoğunluğu Türkiye’de özellikle Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunmaktadır. Genellikle 250-1500 m yükselti aralığında bulunur. Bu çalışmada, çok sınırlı kayıtların olduğu Ege ve Güney Marmara bölgelerindeki geyik elmasının doğal yayılış alanları tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Türün bölgedeki dağılışını belirlemek amacıyla il ve ilçelerde bulunduğu mevkiler, koordinatları, rakımı ve bakısı belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen her bir ağacın gövde çapı ve boyu ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca genotiplerin bulunduğu yerin mülkiyeti ve bitki örtüsü kaydedilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Denizli, Muğla, İzmir, Manisa ve Balıkesir’de çok sayıda geyik elması tespit edilmiştir. Balıkesir ve Denizli’de daha fazla genotip gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışılan alanlarda genel olarak geyik elmasına 250 m ile 1300 m rakımlar arasında rastlanmıştır. Daha ayrıntılı arazi taraması ile türün Güney Marmara ve Ege Bölgesi’nde çok daha fazla mevkide bulunabileceği anlaşılmaktadır. Yayılışının tamamına yakını ülkemizde bulunan bu türün doğal yayılışının ve yetişme ortamlarının tam olarak tespit edilmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Türün söz konusu bölgelerdeki gen kaynakları kaydedilmeli ve koruma altına alınmalıdır. Meyveye yönelik bahçe kurulması ve süs bitkisi üretimi amaçlı kültüre alınma olanakları ayrıntılı olarak çalışılmalıdır.Deer apple (Malus trilobata C.K. Schneid.) is one of the rare wild fruit and broadleaved trees in Turkey. It is scattered in forests and agricultural areas, generally in individual or small groups. The majority of the natural distribution is situated in Turkey, especially in the Mediterranean region. The deer apple generally occurs at 250- 1500 m altitude. In this study, it is aimed to determine the natural distribution areas and individuals of the deer apple in the Aegean and Southern Marmara regions with very limited records. In order to determine the distribution of the species in the regions, the coordinates, altitudes, aspects and positions of the provinces and districts have been recorded. The diameter and height of each individual was measured and also were recorded the property and vegetation of the place where the individuals were found. As a result of the study, deer apple individuals were found in Denizli, Muğla, İzmir, Manisa, and Balikesir in many places, especially much more in Balıkesir and Denizli. The individuals determined in the study areas are between 250 m and 1300 m. It is understood that there are many more places in Southern Marmara and Aegean region with more detailed land research. The natural distribution and habitat of the deer apple exactly should be determined in Turkey. The genetic resources of M. trilobata should be recorded and carefully protecte

An Unusual Case of Double Heterotopic Pancreatic Tissues in the Same Localization

No abstract available

Computed tomography-based morphometric measurements of the atlas (C1) posterior arc

Study design: Single-center retrospective study Objectives: This study is performed to determine the anatomic feasibility of the C1 posterior arc screw and help select an optimal screw trajectory in treating patients with craniovertebral junction pathologies. Material and Methods: We reported a single-centre retrospective study. Forty patients (20 male and 20 female) who underwent cervical computed tomography (CT) were chosen from the hospital records. Based on CT images, we measured left laminar length (LLL), right laminar length (RLL), left laminar angle (LLA), right laminar angle (RLA), left laminar axial thickness (LLAT), right laminar axial thickness (RLAT), left laminar coronal thickness (LLCT), right laminar coronal thickness (RLCT), and craniocaudal angle (CCA) of the C1 posterior arc. Results: The mean values and standard deviations (SD) for nine parameters at the C1 posterior arc were determined. LLL, RLL, LLCT, and RLCT were statistically longer in men than women. RLAT was bigger in men but there was no statistical difference. RLA was statistically wider in women than men. LLA and CCA were wider in women but there was no statistical difference, LLAT was bigger in women but there was no statistical difference. There was no statistical difference in measurements by age. Conclusion:  The results of this study are important to avoid neurovascular injury and pedicle breakage because of choosing large screw while performing C1 laminar screw fixation