Optimization of Thermo-Alkali Stable Amylase Production and Biomass Yield from Bacillus sp. Under Submerged Cultivation

The present context was investigated to optimize amylase production and cell biomass of poultry-associated Bacillus sp. using a conventional as well as statistical approach. Box-Behnken design (BBD) matrix at N = 29 was employed to optimize four independent variables, selected from one factor at a time (OFAT) technique, for maximum amylase production and biomass yield. The relative activity of crude amylase obtained from the isolate showed stability at high temperature (60 °C) and alkaline condition (pH 9) up to 4 h of incubation, thereby indicating its alkali-tolerant and thermo-stable property. The BBD resulted in enhanced amylase activity of 145.32 U/mL when the basal medium was slightly acidic (pH 6) and kept at a temperature of 35 °C with the shaking speed of 130 rpm, in addition to being incubated for 24 h. The selected factors, when employed with this statistical optimization approach, showed 1.5-fold and 2-fold enhancements in the amylase production and biomass yield respectively compared to the OFAT method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96 to 0.99 for both the responses at significant level (p < 0.05). Three-dimensional response and 2D contour plot of the quadratic model showed interdependent interaction between the effective variables. Long-term thermo-alkali stability of amylase obtained from Bacillus sp. suggested not only its wide applications in pharmaceutical, food and biotechnological industries, but also suggested a potent replacement of existing amylases on the market

Diversity and decolorization potential of fungi isolated from the coral reef regions off Kavaratti, India.

497-503Forty-six marine-derived fungi were isolated from sea water, sand, sea grass and coral mucus collected from the coral reef regions off Kavaratti, Lakshadweep Islands, Arabian Sea. Of these, six cultures were screened for their extra-cellular enzymes and decolorization potential by qualitative plate assay method. A basidiomycete isolate F-38 was identified as the most potential fungus as it exhibited maximum cellulase, xylanase, laccase and decolorization activity on plate assay. It has maximum similarity with Pseudoglarobasidium acaciicola based on the BLASTn analysis of its ITS rDNA gene sequence. The isolate was able to decolorize Poly-R at three different concentrations; 40, 80 and 120 mg L-1 up to 82%, 35% and 30% respectively. Major lignin degrading enzymes such as laccase, MnP and LiP activity was determined in the culture filtrate. The culture could also grow on corncob, utilizing it as a nutrient source and effectively decolorized Poly-R (40 mg L-1) and the laccase activity increased a thousand fold

A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Food Applications: Systemic Advancement and Future Trends

The shift to an environmentally friendly material economy requires renewable resource exploration. This shift may depend on lignin valorization. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that makes up one-third of total lingo-cellulosic biomass and is separated into large amounts for biofuel and paper manufacture. This renewable polymer is readily available at a very low cost as nearly all the lignin that is produced each year (90–100 million tons) is simply burned as a low-value fuel. Lignin offers potential qualities for many applications, and yet it is underutilized. This Perspective highlights lignin-based material prospects and problems in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. The first half will discuss the present and future studies on exploiting lignin as an addition to improve food packaging’s mechanical, gas, UV, bioactive molecules, polyphenols, and antioxidant qualities. Second, lignin’s antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses will be discussed. In conclusion, lignin agriculture will be discussed in the food industries

Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model

In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and cholesterol-lowering properties. Furthermore, it can withstand the extreme conditions found in the GI tract, due to, e.g., pepsin, bile salts, pancreatin, and acids. Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 was identified as a probiotic candidate after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The antibacterial activity of P. acidilactici MNL5 cell-free supernatants (CFS) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans was moderate. A Caenorhabditis elegans experiment was also performed to assess the effectiveness of P. acidilactici MNL5 supplementation to increase life span compared to E. coli supplementation (DAF-2 and LIU1 models) (p < 0.05). An immense reduction of the lipid droplets of C. elegans was identified through a fluorescent microscope. The drastic alteration of the expression of fat genes is related to obesity phenotypes. Hence, several paths are evolutionary for C. elegans; the results of our work highlight the nematode as an important model for obesity

Antiobesity and Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Brown Rice Using In Vitro with In Vivo Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities and ferulic acid content in brown rice. The combination of bioconversion with Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 among all LABs used showed a synergistic impact with 24 h of solid-state brown rice fermentation. The 24-h MNL5 fermented brown rice (FBR) demonstrated the most potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (85.5 ± 1.25%) compared to raw brown rice (RBR) (54.4 ± 0.86%). The antioxidant potential of MNL5-FBR was also found to be highest in the DPPH assay (124.40 ± 2.40 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), ABTS assay (130.52 ± 2.32 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), and FRAP assay (116.16 ± 2.42 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW). Based on higher antioxidant and antiobesity activities, samples were quantified for ferulic acid content using the HPLC-MS/MS approach. Furthermore, C. elegans supplementation with FBR showed enhanced life span and lipid reduction in fluorescence microscope analysis compared to the control. Our results indicate that the expression study using the C. elegans model (N2 and Daf-2 models) fat gene was conducted, showing a lowering of obesity ability in FBR-fed worms. Our study indicates that FBR has improved antioxidant and antiobesity actions, especially in MNL5-FBR, and can be employed to develop functional foods that combat obesity

Antiobesity and Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Brown Rice Using In Vitro with In Vivo <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Model

Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities and ferulic acid content in brown rice. The combination of bioconversion with Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 among all LABs used showed a synergistic impact with 24 h of solid-state brown rice fermentation. The 24-h MNL5 fermented brown rice (FBR) demonstrated the most potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (85.5 ± 1.25%) compared to raw brown rice (RBR) (54.4 ± 0.86%). The antioxidant potential of MNL5-FBR was also found to be highest in the DPPH assay (124.40 ± 2.40 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), ABTS assay (130.52 ± 2.32 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), and FRAP assay (116.16 ± 2.42 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW). Based on higher antioxidant and antiobesity activities, samples were quantified for ferulic acid content using the HPLC-MS/MS approach. Furthermore, C. elegans supplementation with FBR showed enhanced life span and lipid reduction in fluorescence microscope analysis compared to the control. Our results indicate that the expression study using the C. elegans model (N2 and Daf-2 models) fat gene was conducted, showing a lowering of obesity ability in FBR-fed worms. Our study indicates that FBR has improved antioxidant and antiobesity actions, especially in MNL5-FBR, and can be employed to develop functional foods that combat obesity

Quantification of Amino Acids, Phenolic Compounds Profiling from Nine Rice Varieties and Their Antioxidant Potential

In recent years, the health benefits of the pigmented rice varieties have been reported due to the richness of their bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study evaluated the antioxidant, total flavonoid, total phenolic, anthocyanin content, amino acid and individual phenolic compound quantification of nine Korean-grown rice varieties using spectrophotometric, HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and UHPLC Q-TOF-MS/MS methods. Our research found that the free fractions of DM29 (red rice) had the highest free radical scavenging ability of ABTS and DPPH. In contrast, the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed in the 01708 brown rice variety. The majority of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid and genistein were found in the DM29 sample. The phenolic content of rice varies depending on its color, with DM29 red rice having the highest TPC, TFC and TAC levels. At the same time, the presence of the majority of amino acids was quantified in the 01708 and GR (Gangwon) brown rice varieties. According to this study, colored rice varieties are high in amino acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. This research would be beneficial in furthering our understanding of the nutritional value of different colors of rice and their high potential as a natural antioxidant

Table. 1: Metabolites Identified in FBR 1741 by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS2. RT- Retention time.

There is a substantial rise in the global incidence of obesity. Brown rice contains metabolic substances that can help minimize the prevalence of obesity. This study evaluated nine brown rice varieties using probiotic fermentation using Pediococcus acidilacti MNL5 to enhance bioactive metabolites and their efficacy. Among the nine varieties, FBR-1741 had the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory efficacy (87.6 ± 1.51%), DPPH assay (358.5 ± 2.80 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW), and ABTS assay (362.5 ± 2.32 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW). Compared to other fermented brown rice and FBR-1741 varieties, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS demonstrated significant untargeted metabolite alterations. The 17 most abundant polyphenolic metabolites in the FBR-1741 variety and 132 putative targets were assessed for obesity-related target proteins, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cystoscope software. Network pharmacology analysis validated FBR-1741 with active metabolites in the C. elegans obesity-induced model. Administration of FBR-1741 with ferulic acid improved lifespan decreased triglycerides and suppressed the expression of fat-related genes. The enhanced anti-obesity properties of FBR-1741 suggest its implementation in obesity-functional food.</p

Fig. 1: Anti-obesity in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of fermented brown rice varieties

There is a substantial rise in the global incidence of obesity. Brown rice contains metabolic substances that can help minimize the prevalence of obesity. This study evaluated nine brown rice varieties using probiotic fermentation using Pediococcus acidilacti MNL5 to enhance bioactive metabolites and their efficacy. Among the nine varieties, FBR-1741 had the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory efficacy (87.6 ± 1.51%), DPPH assay (358.5 ± 2.80 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW), and ABTS assay (362.5 ± 2.32 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW). Compared to other fermented brown rice and FBR-1741 varieties, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS demonstrated significant untargeted metabolite alterations. The 17 most abundant polyphenolic metabolites in the FBR-1741 variety and 132 putative targets were assessed for obesity-related target proteins, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cystoscope software. Network pharmacology analysis validated FBR-1741 with active metabolites in the C. elegans obesity-induced model. Administration of FBR-1741 with ferulic acid improved lifespan decreased triglycerides and suppressed the expression of fat-related genes. The enhanced anti-obesity properties of FBR-1741 suggest its implementation in obesity-functional food.</p

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

There is a substantial rise in the global incidence of obesity. Brown rice contains metabolic substances that can help minimize the prevalence of obesity. This study evaluated nine brown rice varieties using probiotic fermentation using Pediococcus acidilacti MNL5 to enhance bioactive metabolites and their efficacy. Among the nine varieties, FBR-1741 had the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory efficacy (87.6 ± 1.51%), DPPH assay (358.5 ± 2.80 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW), and ABTS assay (362.5 ± 2.32 mg Trolox equiv./100 g, DW). Compared to other fermented brown rice and FBR-1741 varieties, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS demonstrated significant untargeted metabolite alterations. The 17 most abundant polyphenolic metabolites in the FBR-1741 variety and 132 putative targets were assessed for obesity-related target proteins, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cystoscope software. Network pharmacology analysis validated FBR-1741 with active metabolites in the C. elegans obesity-induced model. Administration of FBR-1741 with ferulic acid improved lifespan decreased triglycerides and suppressed the expression of fat-related genes. The enhanced anti-obesity properties of FBR-1741 suggest its implementation in obesity-functional food.</p