Experimental field cultivation of Acanthophora spicifera in the near shore area of Gulf of Mannar

Results of experimental field cultivation of the red alga Acanthophom spicifera (Vahl.) Boergesen, following vegetative-propagation method, sre presented. Vegetative fragments 5 cm in length were tied into clusters with polypropylene straw and were fastened to nylon fishing lines. The weight of seed material thus introduced was 4.85 kg. The algae grew rapidly and reached harvestable size of 15.9 cm mean length in 25 days. The weight of fresh harvested plants was 12.85 kg, having had a 2.6 fold increase over the weight of the seed material, indicating that the nearshore area of Hare Island in Gulf of Mannar, where the experiment was conducted, is suitable for large-scale cultivation of this seaweed

Seasonal changes in growth & alginic acid & mannitol contents in Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) J. agardh & S. myriocystum J. agardh

Young plants of S. ilicifolium and S. myricosystum appear in April and May and reach the maximum size in September or October. Alginic acid yield varies with the seasonal growth behaviour of these alginophytes. with maximum yield in July or August. Alginic acid content varies from 22.3 to 30.8% in S. ilieifolium and from 15.9 to 34.5% in S. myriocyslum. Mannitol content ranges from 2 to 5 and 1.3 to 5% in S. jlicifolium and S. myriocysmm respectively. The suitable harv.esting period for getting the maximum yidd of algin ic acid appears to be between July and September

Seaweeds

Research works oti various aspects of seaweeds have been caried out since last five decades. They inchide resources survey, studies on distribution, Uixonomy, ecology, biology, phycocolioids, biochemicals, culture and utilisation of marine algae growing in Tamil Nadu, Kercda, Lakshadwe^p and Andaman-Nicobar Islands. Information was also gathered since 1978 on the quantity of seaweeds commercially exploited from the natural seaweed beds occurring in Tamil Nadu coast. The results obtained on these aspects are reviewed in this paper. The prospects of seaweed research, industry and utilisation in India are also briefly described

Seaweed culture

Seaweed culture has perforce to be adopted should the supply of raw material to Industries be uninterrupted ,like in the case of the Japanese and Korean Porphyra industries, the Chinese Laminaria industry and the Philippines Eucfieuma Industry, which are now in the main based on cultured raw material. The culture is at present almost entirely confined to the Orient, reaching its peak of sophistication in Japan and China. The necessity of marine algal cultivation in India and the principles and problems involved therein are discussed by Thivy (1964), Krishnamurthy( 1967) and Chennubhotia (1976)

Chemical composition of seaweeds

Considerable work has been done on the chemical aspects of Indian seaweeds during the last three decades, of which those up to 1970 have been reviewed by Umamaheswara Rao (1970). In this chapter the information so far collected on the mineral constituents, carbohydrates and other chemicals is presented

Whole genome sequencing of bacteriophage NINP13076 isolated against Salmonella enteritidis

Salmonella ranks among the prominent etiological agents responsible for foodborne illnesses on a global scale. Within the scope of this investigation, a bacteriophage capable of eliminating Salmonella enteritidis was isolated using the double-layer agar overlay technique. The phage’s morphological characteristics were elucidated through the application of Transmission Electron Microscopy. The genomic DNA of the phage underwent complete sequencing utilizing the MiSeq platform, with library preparation executed through the NexteraXT library prep kit method accompanied by the NexteraXT index kit. Paired-end sequencing was performed over 2 × 251 cycles read length, employing a Miseq V3 kit within the Illumina MiSeq system. Notably, the phage manifested conspicuous plaques upon S. enteritidis when subjected to the double agar overlay technique. NINP13076 displayed a 22-min latency period with a calculated average burst size of 53 PFU/cell. Phages exhibited resilience to the diverse pH conditions, manifesting no discernible impact on their viability over a storage duration of up to one week. storage at temperatures of 4 ◦C, 26 ◦C, and 37 ◦C demonstrated minimal effects on the phage population, with no statistically significant alterations observed. Genome assembly yielded a draft genome encompassing 161,329 base pairs with a GC content of 44.4 % and achieved coverage at a depth of 104x. Phylogenetic tree analysis unveiled a highly proximate relationship with the Salmonella Phage SSE-121 genome, demonstrating a distance score of 0.1 and signifying its classification as a novel member within the SSE121 virus group

Survey of Valinokkam Bay and adjoining area to assess its suitability for integrated sea farming — A report

The Valinokkam Bay and the adjoining area, east of the Bay surveyed, lie between Lat. 9°9' N and 9° 12' N and Long. 78°30'E and 78°42'E . The available information indicates that the bay and the adjoining grounds in the sea are highly productive and suitable for sea farming activities

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Not AvailableResults of experimental field cultivation of the red alga Acanthophom spicifera (Vahl.) Boergesen, following vegetative-propagation method, sre presented. Vegetative fragments 5 cm in length were tied into clusters with polypropylene straw and were fastened to nylon fishing lines. The weight of seed material thus introduced was 4.85 kg. The algae grew rapidly and reached harvestable size of 15.9 cm mean length in 25 days. The weight of fresh harvested plants was 12.85 kg, having had a 2.6 fold increase over the weight of the seed material, indicating that the nearshore area of Hare Island in Gulf of Mannar, where the experiment was conducted, is suitable for large-scale cultivation of this seaweed.Not Availabl

A DFT based assay for tailor-made terpyridine ligand–metal complexation properties

<p>Electron-rich terpyridine ligand and its metal complexes have a potential to grow as responsive surfaces by adapting their physicochemical properties as a function of environment. The responsiveness is brought about by judicious molecular level designing that is currently hindered due to lack of information and control on terpyridine (TPy)–metal (M) interactions at single molecule level. So far there is no organised understanding on the binding of different metals with TPy ligand and ways to modulate it. Being a large conjugated system, TPy has a large scope to be functionalised with electron exchanging groups to alter its electronic structure and consequently its binding with metal atoms. In first report of such a kind, using density functional theory (DFT), we demonstrate that convenient modulation of TPy-M binding is possible through functionalisation of TPy for , Ru, Fe, Mo and Au. Electron donating groups viz., CH, OCH, CH, NH and electron withdrawing groups viz., CF, COOH, CN and NO are considered for functionalisation of TPy ligand. Significantly, the present work focuses on the functionalisation at 4 and 4 positions of TPy molecule. The role of such a functionalisation in influencing the ligands structure–property correlation is missing in the literature to the best of our knowledge. The present investigation quantifies that by pertinent functionalisation of TPy, TPy-M binding energies can be modified up to 60 kcal/mol. Our results reveal that functionalisation leads to a considerable charge redistribution within the TPy-M complex with carbon atoms in pyridine rings functioning as major electron sink/source with a corresponding red/blue shift of stretching frequency. This modifies the red-ox, optical and other chemical properties of TPy-M complexes. In brief, the present report illustrates a way to design ligands such as TPy for diverse applications through tailor-made functionalisation using electronic structure methodology.</p

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Not AvailableSeaweed culture has perforce to be adopted should the supply of raw material to Industries be uninterrupted ,like in the case of the Japanese and Korean Porphyra industries, the Chinese Laminaria industry and the Philippines Eucfieuma Industry, which are now in the main based on cultured raw material. The culture is at present almost entirely confined to the Orient, reaching its peak of sophistication in Japan and China. The necessity of marine algal cultivation in India and the principles and problems involved therein are discussed by Thivy (1964), Krishnamurthy( 1967) and Chennubhotia (1976).Not Availabl