36 research outputs found
UAV-Empowered Disaster-Resilient Edge Architecture for Delay-Sensitive Communication
The fifth-generation (5G) communication systems will enable enhanced mobile
broadband, ultra-reliable low latency, and massive connectivity services. The
broadband and low-latency services are indispensable to public safety (PS)
communication during natural or man-made disasters. Recently, the third
generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPPLTE) has emerged as a
promising candidate to enable broadband PS communications. In this article,
first we present six major PS-LTE enabling services and the current status of
PS-LTE in 3GPP releases. Then, we discuss the spectrum bands allocated for
PS-LTE in major countries by international telecommunication union (ITU).
Finally, we propose a disaster resilient three-layered architecture for PS-LTE
(DR-PSLTE). This architecture consists of a software-defined network (SDN)
layer to provide centralized control, an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) cloudlet
layer to facilitate edge computing or to enable emergency communication link,
and a radio access layer. The proposed architecture is flexible and combines
the benefits of SDNs and edge computing to efficiently meet the delay
requirements of various PS-LTE services. Numerical results verified that under
the proposed DR-PSLTE architecture, delay is reduced by 20% as compared with
the conventional centralized computing architecture.Comment: 9,
IEEE Access special section editorial: Mission critical public-safety communications: architectures, enabling technologies, and future applications
Disaster management organizations such as fire brigades, rescue teams, and emergency medical service providers have a high priority demand to communicate with each other and with the victims by using mission-critical voice and data communications [item 1) in the Appendix]. In recent years, public safety agencies and organizations have started planning to evolve their existing land mobile radio system (LMRS) with long-term evolution (LTE)-based public safety solutions which provides broadband, ubiquitous, and mission-critical voice and data services. LTE provides high bandwidth and low latency services to the customers using internet protocol-based LTE network. Since mission critical communication services have different demands and priorities for dynamically varying situations for disaster-hit areas, the architecture and the communication technologies of the existing LTE networks need to be upgraded with a system that has the capability to respond efficiently and in a timely manner during critical situations
To Investigate the Refractive Index of Blood Plasma Suspended in Various Tonicity Solutions
This paper reports the data of the RI of plasma of normal blood, which is measured using Abbes\u27 refractometer. The experimental values are compared to normal blood serum erythrocytes with Blood of Plasma suspended in various tonicity solutions between and 1.336 to 1.343, whereas the normal blood plasma refractive index is 1.351. As a result, the refractive index the worth of erythrocytes washed with different tonicity solutions are slightly lower than those of normal blood. If this optical parameter is standardized, it has the potential to be used as a tool in the medical field
Modelling, Simulation, and Control of a Flexible Space Launch Vehicle
Modern Space Launch Vehicles (SLVs), being slender in shape and due to the
use of lightweight materials, are generally flexible in nature. This structural
flexibility, when coupled with sensor and actuator dynamics, can adversely
affect the control of SLV, which may lead to vehicle instability and, in the
worst-case scenario, to structural failure. This work focuses on modelling and
simulation of rigid and flexible dynamics of an SLV and its interactions with
the control system. SpaceX's Falcon 9 has been selected for this study. The
flexible modes are calculated using modal analysis in Ansys. High-fidelity
nonlinear simulation is developed which incorporates the flexible modes and
their interactions with rigid degrees of freedom. Moreover, linearized models
are developed for flexible body dynamics, over the complete trajectory until
the first stage's separation. Using classical control methods, attitude
controllers, that keep the SLV on its desired trajectory, are developed, and
multiple filters are designed to suppress the interactions of flexible
dynamics. The designed controllers along with filters are implemented in the
nonlinear simulation. Furthermore, to demonstrate the robustness of designed
controllers, Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out and results are presented.Comment: Presented at 20th International Bhurban Conference on Applied
Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 202
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Physical Layer Security in 6G-IoT: Designs, Issues, and Advances
Sixth-generation (6G) networks pose substantial security risks because
confidential information is transmitted over wireless channels with a broadcast
nature, and various attack vectors emerge. Physical layer security (PLS)
exploits the dynamic characteristics of wireless environments to provide secure
communications, while reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can facilitate
PLS by controlling wireless transmissions. With RIS-aided PLS, a lightweight
security solution can be designed for low-end Internet of Things (IoT) devices,
depending on the design scenario and communication objective. This article
discusses RIS-aided PLS designs for 6G-IoT networks against eavesdropping and
jamming attacks. The theoretical background and literature review of RIS-aided
PLS are discussed, and design solutions related to resource allocation,
beamforming, artificial noise, and cooperative communication are presented. We
provide simulation results to show the effectiveness of RIS in terms of PLS. In
addition, we examine the research issues and possible solutions for RIS
modeling, channel modeling and estimation, optimization, and machine learning.
Finally, we discuss recent advances, including STAR-RIS and malicious RIS.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Internet of Things Journa
Impact of Relationship, Task & Role Conflict on Teaching Performance in Educational Institutes
Conflict related to interpersonal issues, personal taste, values, and lack of clarity towards their work. This study & its results examined that; how teachers/Professors respond to above mentioned conflicts. Because Interpersonal conflict among the organizations is a latest research area that increasingly getting importance in today’s competitive business environment. Questionnaires were used for the feedback purpose which elaborates about role conflict and employee’s performance. 158 valid responses gathered in two weeks. Data was processed and analyzed via statistic software i.e. SPSS. The results revealed that relationship conflict, task conflict and role conflict has significant impact on employees performance. High correlations among relationship conflict, task conflict, and role conflict on teacher’s performance were found from this study. And there exits inverse relationship between relationship & role conflict with employee’s performance and positive with task conflict. Special techniques and strategies should be applied for minimizing the relationship and role conflicts amongst the employees in an organization in order to obtain maximum out of them
SafeSpace MFNet: Precise and Efficient MultiFeature Drone Detection Network
The increasing prevalence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known
as drones, has generated a demand for reliable detection systems. The
inappropriate use of drones presents potential security and privacy hazards,
particularly concerning sensitive facilities. To overcome those obstacles, we
proposed the concept of MultiFeatureNet (MFNet), a solution that enhances
feature representation by capturing the most concentrated feature maps.
Additionally, we present MultiFeatureNet-Feature Attention (MFNet-FA), a
technique that adaptively weights different channels of the input feature maps.
To meet the requirements of multi-scale detection, we presented the versions of
MFNet and MFNet-FA, namely the small (S), medium (M), and large (L). The
outcomes reveal notable performance enhancements. For optimal bird detection,
MFNet-M (Ablation study 2) achieves an impressive precision of 99.8\%, while
for UAV detection, MFNet-L (Ablation study 2) achieves a precision score of
97.2\%. Among the options, MFNet-FA-S (Ablation study 3) emerges as the most
resource-efficient alternative, considering its small feature map size,
computational demands (GFLOPs), and operational efficiency (in frame per
second). This makes it particularly suitable for deployment on hardware with
limited capabilities. Additionally, MFNet-FA-S (Ablation study 3) stands out
for its swift real-time inference and multiple-object detection due to the
incorporation of the FA module. The proposed MFNet-L with the focus module
(Ablation study 2) demonstrates the most remarkable classification outcomes,
boasting an average precision of 98.4\%, average recall of 96.6\%, average mean
average precision (mAP) of 98.3\%, and average intersection over union (IoU) of
72.8\%. To encourage reproducible research, the dataset, and code for MFNet are
freely available as an open-source project:
github.com/ZeeshanKaleem/MultiFeatureNet.Comment: Paper accepted in IEEE TV