Haematological parameters change in Gallus gallus domesticus infected with cestode parasite.

The study deals with the haematological parameters in Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) which is naturally infected with cesode parasites. Inspite of the fact that the haematological value of birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) are of clinical significant rates than commercial importance.  The total erythrocytes and leukocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume and differential leukocyte count were determined. There is a significant decrease in erythrocytes count and haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value. While the total leukocyte count was increase in the infected as compare to the normal Gallus gallus domesticus. The obtained result collectivities indicate the change in heamatology of Gallus gallus domesticus infected with cestode parasites. The haematological parameters of the infected bird Gallus gallus domesticus shows high infection cause macrocytic anemia, lymphocytosis due to deficiency of related factors

Biochemical studies of Circumoncobothrium (Shinde 1968) tapeworm in freshwater fish Mastacembelus armatus

Parasitic biochemistry has great practical importance through chemotherapy and vaccine production and in understanding of the complex association involved in the host parasite relationship However; information in parasite biochemistry is patchy. The present study deals with the biochemistry (Protein, glycogen, lipid) of parasites circumoncobothrium in fresh water fish Mastacembelus armatus, Collected from fresh water fish. circumoncobothrium parasites are the most pathogenic cestode parasites

Modeling the 5-Fluorouracil Area Under the Curve Versus Dose Relationship to Develop a Pharmacokinetic Dosing Algorithm for Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving FOLFOX6

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is administered based on standard body surface area (BSA) dosing. BSA administration results in highly variable exposure, measured as the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). An immunoassay (OnDose®; Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) that measures plasma 5-FU concentration and reports an AUC in mg · h/L has been developed to optimize therapy using pharmacokinetic (PK) dosing. The results of an analysis to model the 5-FU AUC-dose relationship are presented

Development of Novel Interspecific Fertile Cytotype (4X) Of \u3cem\u3ePennisetum glaucum\u3c/em\u3e X \u3cem\u3ePennisetum purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Utilizing Modified Ploidy Coupled With Embryo Rescue Technique

Interspecific hybrids of genus Pennisetum (P. glaucum x P. purpureum) is the one of the most popular manmade hybrid. It combines the unique features of both P. glaucum (Pearl millet; Bajra) and P. purpureum (Napier; Elephant grass) species, which makes it more resilient to harsh environments with superior fodder quality. Due to ploidy level variation among the parents, these hybrids are sterile and propagated vegetatively only. To overcome this, attempts were made in the present study by exploring the feasibility of novel tetraploid pearl millet (2n=4x=28; Tetra 1; INGR 09047) developed at IGFRI, as a female parent in crossing program involving different Napier genotypes as male parent. Due to limited crossability and hybrid necrosis issues among countless crosses (\u3e 1000), only 1% seed set was initially recorded that too in shriveled state and the developing embryos were aborted after 10-14 days of pollination and fertilization. To save these, embryo rescue technique was standardized and the developing embryos were dissected out aseptically and rescued after 8-10 days of pollination. Continuous crossing programme along with screening of large tissue culture raised nurseries resulted in development of a novel tetraploid seed producing BN hybrid (TBN-20-15) along with 14 novel sterile tetraploid BN hybrids. Presence of univalent chromosomes leads to sterility while proper pairing between parents of TBN-20-15 hybrid have significant effect on fertility. The fertile hybrid is able to produce \u3e15,000-20,000 seeds throughout the year with 80-90% seed germination ability. Their hybridity was confirmed by morphology, molecular and cytogenetic studies. This fertile tetraploid BN hybrid (TBN-20-15) reported for the first time globally will be very helpful in easy and cost-effective dissemination of this highly potential forage crop to the farmer’s field. It has the potential to be the game changer in biofuel production, grassland rejuvenation programs besides bridging the fodder demand supply deficit

Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Levels and Clinical Outcomes in the Phase III CELESTIAL Study of Cabozantinib versus Placebo in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PURPOSE: The phase III CELESTIAL study demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with cabozantinib versus placebo in patients with previously treated, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed outcomes by baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and on-treatment AFP changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum AFP was measured every 8 weeks by blinded, centralized testing. Outcomes were analyzed by baseline AFP bifurcated at 400 ng/mL and by on-treatment AFP response (≥20% decrease from baseline at Week 8). The optimal cutoff for change in AFP at Week 8 was evaluated using maximally selected rank statistics. RESULTS: Median OS for cabozantinib versus placebo was 13.9 versus 10.3 months [HR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-1.04] for patients with baseline AFP <400 ng/mL, and 8.5 versus 5.2 months (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94) for patients with baseline AFP ≥400 ng/mL. Week 8 AFP response rate was 50% for cabozantinib versus 13% for placebo. In the cabozantinib arm, median OS for patients with and without AFP response was 16.1 versus 9.1 months (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84). AFP response was independently associated with longer OS. The optimal cutoff for association with OS in the cabozantinib arm was ≤0% change in AFP at Week 8 [AFP control; HR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.35-0.71)]. HRs for PFS were consistent with those for OS. CONCLUSIONS: Cabozantinib improved outcomes versus placebo across a range of baseline AFP levels. On-treatment AFP response and control rates were higher with cabozantinib than placebo, and were associated with longer OS and PFS with cabozantinib

Development of a blood-based molecular biomarker test for identification of schizophrenia before disease onset

Recent research efforts have progressively shifted towards preventative psychiatry and prognostic identification of individuals before disease onset. We describe the development of a serum biomarker test for the identification of individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia based on multiplex immunoassay profiling analysis of 957 serum samples. First, we conducted a meta-analysis of five independent cohorts of 127 first-onset drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 204 controls. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, we identified an optimal panel of 26 biomarkers that best discriminated patients and controls. Next, we successfully validated this biomarker panel using two independent validation cohorts of 93 patients and 88 controls, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (0.95-1.00) for schizophrenia detection. Finally, we tested its predictive performance for identifying patients before onset of psychosis using two cohorts of 445 pre-onset or at-risk individuals. The predictive performance achieved by the panel was excellent for identifying USA military personnel (AUC: 0.90 (0.86-0.95)) and help-seeking prodromal individuals (AUC: 0.82 (0.71-0.93)) who developed schizophrenia up to 2 years after baseline sampling. The performance increased further using the latter cohort following the incorporation of CAARMS (Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State) positive subscale symptom scores into the model (AUC: 0.90 (0.82-0.98)). The current findings may represent the first successful step towards a test that could address the clinical need for early intervention in psychiatry. Further developments of a combined molecular/symptom-based test will aid clinicians in the identification of vulnerable patients early in the disease process, allowing more effective therapeutic intervention before overt disease onset

Decision-Based Design of New Products: Electrothermal Swing Adsorption (Esa) System

195 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.A normative decision tool in the form of multiattribute utility analysis helps to incorporate desirable trade-offs among product attributes of capital cost, operating cost and environmental impact in a systematic manner. The objective is to improve the overall worth of product for customers. Significant factors influencing energy efficiency of desorption process are determined in screening experiments. A response surface methodology using Central Composite Design is then used to optimize the operation of the ESA system. The results of the experiments also provide inputs to the multiattribute evaluation and design optimization. Finally, an assessment of ESA technology in terms of its sustaining or disruptive nature is performed. This will help in better positioning of this new technology for commercialization.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis of PV-Wind Power Systems for Rural Location in India.

One downside to Green Energy is that it cannot be estimated. Therefore, determining the optimum planning and perfect working strategies for the resources to be included in the hybrid system is very important. HOMER software has been used in this research paper to solve the case study of the hybrid renewable energy system. Due to its extensive analytical capabilities and advanced prediction capabilities based on the sensitivity of variables, HOMER is one of the most used software for optimal planning purposes. A case study for the sizing of a renewable energy-based hybrid system is solved in this article, using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Photovoltaic panels (PV panels), wind turbines (WT), batteries, converters, electric charge and grid are used in case study. The results of the simulation are presented in graphical form and tabulated for better system visualization. The design of a system to supply 6.8 KWh/d whereas the peak is 1.04 KW electric loads has been performed using HOMER software. In order to allow the user to choose the most suitable option, a comparative analysis has made, showing the pros and cons of cases. Optimum construction conditions help to lower operating costs

Fast start-up of a pilot-scale deammonification sequencing batch reactor from an activated sludge inoculum

Deammonification involves the combined application of aerobic and anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB & AnAOB) and allows to treat wastewaters with a high ammonium concentration in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. So far, it could take more than one year to start up the process, even with the addition of AnAOB enriched inocula. In contrast, we started up a deammonifying reactor for the treatment of sludge digestate in less than four months without any AnAOB enriched inoculum. In a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) of 3m(3), nitritation and anammox were performed without nitrite accumulation. Larger biomass aggregates (>1.0mm) had a typical reddish colour, but FISH also showed that small aggregates (<0.25mm) contained a considerable amount of AnAOB. The AerAOB were related to Nitrosomonas halophila, N. eutropha and N. halophila, and the AnAOB to "Candidatus Kuenenia & Brocadia", as shown by FISH. Our results show that the deammonification inoculum does not play an important role, and that the AnAOB can quickly develop under the proper aerational conditions. Nitrogen was removed stably at high nitrogen loading rates (740 mgN/L/d) and removal efficiency (90%)