12 research outputs found
Ошибки в диагностике новообразований поджелудочной железы: интрапанкреатическая долька селезенки
Introduction. Accessory spleen (splenunculus) is one of the most common benign congenital anomalies in humans. The location of splenunculus may vary from perisplenic, greater omental or mesenterial to intraparenchymal (pancreas, stomach, duodenum, etc.). In the latter case, the additional spleen is called ectopic (from the greekektoposdisplaced). Most frequently detection of such splenic lobules occurs accidentally via abdominal ultrasound.Objective: two cases of verified intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) and main criteria for differential diagnosis with other hypervascular pancreatic lesions.Materials and methods. We present two case reports: a 43-year-old woman with a history of kidney cancer and a healthy 61-year-old man. In both cases, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) was initially suspected. Preoperative diagnostics included abdominal ultrasound examination and multiphase dynamic computed tomography (CT) with intravenous bolus nonionic iodine-based contrast agent (native, arterial – 10 sec, venous – 60 sec and delayed – 300 sec after threshold density of 150 HU in the aorta was exceeded). In one case magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including axial, sagittal and coronal T1and T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images and dynamiccontrast-enhanced series with gadolinium chelate was performed. Both patients underwent robotic assisted distal pancreas resection. Morphological examination revealed IPAS.Results. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography IPAS has densitometric parameters similar to the spleen. Generally, magnetic resonance imaging does not differentiate IPAS, NEN and hypervascular metastases, since all three are generally T2-hyperintense and T1-hypointense. Contrast enhancement pattern with gadolinium chelateswas similar to CT-contrast enhancement pattern.Conclusion. Intrapancreatic accessory spleen does not require surgical treatment. Therefore, differential diagnosis between IPAS and neuroendocrine neoplasia, solid pseudopapillary tumor and hypervascular pancreatic metastases is crucial. MRI has an advantage with non-invasive diffusionweighted images (DWI). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of IPAS will be quantitatively similar to the main spleen while other lesion will demonstrate lower ADC values. Scintigraphy with red blood cells bound with 99mTc utilizes the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the spleen demonstrating characteristic uptake in the IPASand the main spleen. Ultrasound with color Doppler and contrast enhancement may be a good addition to our armamentarium. One can evaluate the vascular pedicle of the IPAS, as well as contrast agent retention in RES via sonography. We believe the multimodal approach including MRI with DWI/ADC to be the most effective.Введение. Добавочная селезенка является одним из распространенных доброкачественных врожденных пороков развития человека. Ее расположение может быть разнообразным, как вблизи селезенки, большого сальника и брыжейки тонкой кишки, так и в структуре других органов, например в поджелудочной железе, стенке желудка или двенадцатиперстной кишки. В последнем случае добавочную селезенку называют эктопированной (от греч. ektopos – смещенный). Выявление подобных селезеночных долек происходит, как правило, случайно при ультразвуковом исследовании (УЗИ) органов брюшной полости.Цель исследования: представить клинические наблюдения верифицированной интрапанкреатической добавочной селезенки (ИПДС), выявить основные критерии дифференциальной диагностики данного патологического состояния с другими гиперваскулярными образованиями поджелудочной железы.Материал и методы. Представлены два клинических наблюдения: женщина 43 лет, имеющая в анамнезе оперированный рак почки, и мужчина 61 года, у которого не было жалоб и сопутствующей патологии на момент обследования. В обоих случаях по результатам инструментального обследования была заподозрена нейроэндокринная неоплазия (НЭН) хвоста поджелудочной железы. Инструментальное обследование данных пациентов включало УЗИ органов брюшной полости с применением цветового дуплексного картирования; мультиспиральную компьютерную томографию (МСКТ) органов брюшной полости с внутривенным болюсным контрастированием неионным йодистым контрастным препаратом и сканированием в нативную, артериальную (10 с от достижения пороговой плотности 150 ед.H в просвете нисходящей аорты), в венозную (60 с от начала введения контрастного препарата) и в отсроченную фазы контрастного усиления (на 5–6-й минуте от начала введения контрастного препарата). В одном случае проведены магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) в режимах Т1и Т2ВИ в аксиальной, сагиттальной и корональной плоскостях, динамическое внутривенное контрастирование и диффузионно-взвешенная МРТ (ДВ-МРТ). Обоим пациентам выполнено оперативное вмешательство в объеме робот-ассистированной дистальной резекции поджелудочной железы. При морфологическом исследовании была выявлена ИПДС.Результаты. Эктопированная ткань селезенки имела денситометрические показатели, аналогичные таковым в основном органе, и сходный характер контрастирования. МРТ не позволила дифференцировать ИПДС, НЭН и гиперваскулярные метастазы.Заключение. ИПДС не требует хирургического лечения. Именно поэтому необходима дифференциальная диагностика с НЭН, солидной псевдопапиллярной опухолью и гиперваскулярными метастазами поджелудочной железы. При этом максимально результативным является комплексный подход с использованием нескольких методов лучевой диагностики, включающий МРТ (с ДВ-МРТ) и сцинтиграфию с 99mTc. Наличие в структуре селезенки ретикулоэндотелиальной системы (РЭС) позволяет применять в диагностике ее эктопированных долек сцинтиграфию с эритроцитами в комплексе с 99mTc, при которой отмечается характерное накопление радиофармпрепарата в ИПДС и основной селезенке. УЗИ с цветовым допплеровским картированием и контрастным усилением может стать хорошим дополнением в дифференциально-диагностическом поиске. Метод позволяет оценить сосудистую ножку ИПДС и характер накопления контрастного препарата в РЭС. У МРТ есть преимущество за счет применения диффузионно-взвешенных изображений. Исчисляемый коэффициент диффузии (ИКД) ткани селезенки будет соответствовать основной селезенке, в то время как другие новообразования имеют более низкие значения ИКД
Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study
: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)
Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey
Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: selection an approach in surgical treatment. single center experience
Insulin-producing tumor of pancreas in a young patient: the search for germline mutations. Clinical case
Insulinoma is the most common functioning tumor of the pancreas. Approximately 5% of cases of the disease is associated with the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), caused by mutation in the gene MEN1. The MEN-1 is manifested by pituitary adenomas and adenomas of parathyroid glands, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, tumors of thyroid gland, adrenal glands, intestine, carcinoids of lungs and other organs. Patients with MEN-1 often have angiofibromas, collagenomas and lipomas. However, in 5–10% of patients with clinical manifestations of this syndrome, mutations in MEN1 cannot be detected. In such cases, the disease can be caused by various disorders (mutations, polymorphisms, etc.) in other genes. More than 10 genes, associated with insulin-producing pancreatic tumor, are described in the literature. In the presented clinical case, an extended genetic study was performed in a young patient with insulinoma and a suspicious phenotype of MEN-1. The article emphasizes the need to search for new genetic markers that predispose to the development of insulinoma, and the subsequent introduction of panel of genes sequencing in such patients. Genetic testing is indicated primarily for young patients with multifocal lesions, family history and associated pathology
Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer – results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey
Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. Methods: A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia-Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. Results: Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. Conclusion: Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes
Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer – results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey
Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study
The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135–15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359–5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138–5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184–5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598–9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090–6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286–5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912–7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138–0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143–0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990). Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]