Дуготрајне промене трофије у бугарско-румунском делу Дунава и околних мочвара на територији бугарске током њене рестаурације

Based mainly on literature data and results of the monitoring program of the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water, the long-term changes of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids and chlorophyll-concentrations in the Bulgarian–Romanian section of the Lower Danube during the period 1950–2014 were studied. The addition of more recent data from years 2008–2014 revealed stable lowering with values of PO4 3- concentrations close to those reported in the earliest 1962–1965 interval. The calculated load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) showed a continuous but not significant decrease, while the PO4-P load dropped at the end of the 1950–2014 period to the values of its beginning. These changes of nitrogen and phosphorus led to a substantial shift of the N P-1 ratio towards phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth in the 2008–2014 period. The second part of the paper presented and analyzed the process of restoration of wetlands on the example of Srebarna Lake. The primary goal of this restoration was to sustain the valuable biodiversity supported by this lake, but as a wetland it should provide also most other services, one of which was nutrient removal. The monitoring of lake restoration started in 1990 and lasted with gaps until 2015. The main force driving the changes of other lake characteristics was the lake water level. Thus the lake water level correlated positively with water column transparency and negatively with chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton biovolume and the share of blue-greens from it. Since 1994 only one canal connected the lake with the Danube River, which seemed to be the reason for the limited success of the wetland restoration.На основу, пре свега, података из литературе и резултата програма праћења Министарства за животну средину и воде Бугарске, проучене су дугорочне промене нутријената (азота и фосфора), суспендованих чврстих честица и концентрација хлорофила у бугарско-румунском делу доњег тока Дунава током периода 1950–2014. године. Анализом и скоријих података за године 2008–2014, регистровано је стабилно снижавање са вредностима концентрација PO4 3- близу онима које су забележене у најранијем интервалу – у годинама 1962–1965. Израчунатo оптерећење раствореног неорганског азота (DIN) показало је стално, али не значајно смањење, док је оптерећење PO4-P пало крајем периода 1950–2014. на вредности са почетка. Те промене азота и фосфора довеле су до значајне промене показатеља N P-1 ка фосфорном ограничењу раста фитопланктона у периоду 2008–2014. године. У другом делу рада представљен је и анализиран процес санације мочварних подручја на примеру језера Сребарна. Главни циљ санације јесте одржавање вредног биодиверзитета који подржава то језеро; међутим, као мочварно подручје, оно треба да пружи и већину других услуга, које укључују, између осталог, уклањање нутријената. Праћење санације језера почело је 1990. и с прекидима трајало до 2015. године. Главни покретач промена других карактеристика језера био је ниво воде у језеру. Постојала је позитивна корелација између нивоа воде у језеру и прозирности воденог стуба и негативна корелација са хлорофилом а, биозапремином фитопланктона и уделом њихових плавозелених облика. Од 1994. године, само један канал повезује језеро са Дунавом, што вероватно представља разлог ограниченог успеха санације мочварног подручја.8. Конференција академија подунавске региј

Investigation on some biotic factors in carp fish ponds

Abstract. Three years studies (2004 – 2006) on the main biotic parameters (chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton biomass and bacterioplankton biomass) in carp fish ponds were carried out. The aim of the study was to investigate the biotic factors and the effect of manuring on the fish ponds. The relative -1 changes in these factors in case of fertilization with manure 3000 kg.ha or without fertilization were determined. The impact of fertilization as bottom-up melioration on some biotic factors was proven by means of paired non-parametric Wilcoxon test with following significant differences: higher levels of chlorophyll-a and higher phytoplankton biomass in fertilized ponds. Zooplankton biomass was higher in fertilized ponds, but the differences were statistically insignificant. Bacterioplankton biomass was higher in the fertilized ponds, which is an indication that the applied melioration does not lead to overload of organic matter in the ponds

RIPK3 expression as a potential predictive and prognostic marker in metastatic colon cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment in these patients. Resistance to 5-FU represents a major obstacle; therefore, finding new predictive and prognostic markers is crucial for improvement of patient outcomes. Recently a new type of programmed cell death was discovered—necroptosis, which depends on receptor interacting protein 3 (RIPK3). Preclinical data showed that necroptotic cell death is an important effector mechanism of 5-FU-mediated anticancer activity. Purpose: To investigate the predictive and prognostic performance of RIPK3 expression in primary tumors. Methods: Colon cancer patients (n=74) with metastatic stage were included in this retrospective study and all were treated with first-line 5-FU based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed. Results: The progression free survival for the low expression group of RIPK3 was 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.4-6.8) vs 8.4 months (95% CI, 6.4-10.3) of the group with high expression (p=0.02). Moreover, patients with high expression of RIPK3 were associated with lower risk of disease progression HR 0.61 (95% CI, 0.38-0.97; p=0.044). Patients with high expression levels of RIPK3 also had significantly longer mean overall survival (OS) of 29.3 months (95% CI, 20.8-37.8) as compared with those with low expression: 18.5 months (95% CI, 15.06-21.9) (p= 0.036). In addition, univariate analysis showed that high level of RIPK3 expression was associated with a longer OS HR 0.59 (95% CI, 0.35-0.98; p=0.044). Conclusions: This study suggests that expression of RIPK3 in primary tumors of metastatic colon cancer patients should be further investigated for its potential as a promising predictive and prognostic marker

Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance : Report on the Sixth Global Forum on Reinventing Government

The Global Forum on Reinventing Government has made government reform and new forms of comparative public administration and politics global issues. Since the forum was initiated in the United States in 1999, it has been held in locations around the world with broad representation. Yet the proceedings of these forums have not been fully reported to the international public administration community. This paper reports on the ideas on reinventing governance that emerged from the Sixth Global Forum. Many of the participants in the forum came from developing countries, so the paper also provides ideas and points of view on governance that are beyond the mainstream literature in this area