CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSGENIC PLUM LINES EXPRESSING GASTRODIA ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN (GAFP)-1

The Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP-1) is a mannose-binding lectin originating from the Asiatic orchid Gastrodia elata. It has potential for conferring resistance to fungal and non-fungal pathogens in other plants which is currently being investigated. The goals of this research project were to determine (i) the potential movement of GAFP-1 protein from transgenic rootstocks into the non-transgenic scion of chimeric-grafted trees (ii) the levels of GAFP-1 protein in lines of the cultivar Bluebyrd expressing the gene gafp-1 under the control of the polyubiquitin promoter bul409, and (iii) the susceptibility of selected lines to the root pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid & White in greenhouse experiments. Wild-type (WT) plum (Prunus domestica cultivar Stanley) tissue was budded onto transgenic plum lines Stanley 4J and 4I to create chimeric-grafted trees. Tissues from chimeric-grafted trees were analyzed for protein (leaf, soft shoot (non-woody shoot), and root) by immunodetection. The GAFP-1 lectin was identified within the roots, but not in the soft shoot or leaf tissues of the grafted, WT scions. These results suggest that GAFP protein is not moving into the WT scion tissues of chimeric-grafted plum trees, a feature that would likely appeal to consumers who are concerned about GMO in their food. Only 9 out of 17 `Bluebyrd\u27 plum lines containing the gafp-1 gene produced GAFP-1 protein and only 1 of these 9 lines exhibited increased tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by P. cinnamomi. This same line (BB-1) was also significantly more tolerant to infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. BB-1 was superior in resistance to PRR and equal in resistance to RKN compared to the previously characterized `Stanley\u27 4J line, which expresses the gafp-1 gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The levels of GAFP-1 synthesized in BB-1 were not elevated at 30 days after inoculation by M. incognita and at 5 days after inoculation by P. cinnamomi, suggesting that bul409 is not an inducible promoter. This study confirms the potential usefulness of incorporating the gafp-1 gene in creating disease resistant rootstocks for stone fruit cultivars and suggests that the gafp-1 gene provides comparable resistance to PRR and RKN irrespective of the promoter (bul409 or CaMV35S) being utilized for controlling gene expression

An SLR on Edge Computing Security and possible threat protection

Mobile and Internet of Things devices are generating enormous amounts of multi-modal data due to their exponential growth and accessibility. As a result, these data sources must be directly analyzed in real time at the network edge rather than relying on the cloud. Significant processing power at the network's edge has made it possible to gather data and make decisions prior to data being sent to the cloud. Moreover, security problems have significantly towered as a result of the rapid expansion of mobile devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and various network points. It's much harder than ever to guarantee the privacy of sensitive data, including customer information. This systematic literature review depicts the fact that new technologies are a great weapon to fight with the attack and threats to the edge computing security

Case series of results of intertrochanteric femur fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty

Intertrochanteric femoral fractures are one of those mysteries which become more and more mysterious with advancing knowledge and better imaging modalities. 20 patient of intertrochanteric fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty prospective study done at GCS Medical College and Hospital. Good result obtain in term of early mobilization. The conclusion is that in comminuted fractures. 31A2.2, 31A2.3 by hemiarthroplasty give good result.

Study of importance of medial cortex in distal femur comminuted fracture

Background: Distal femur fractures require high energy trauma by means of road traffic accidents. There are various modalities of fixation, involving plating, external fixator and intramedullary nailing. cause of nonunion like smoking, osteoporosis, early weight bearing, improper construction of fixation, improper reduction.Methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients having distal femur fractures operated previously by using a different modality of implant goes in failure like bending of implant, broken of implant, peri implant fracture after second episode of trauma. Patient was preoperatively assessing for rule out occult low grade infection by blood investigation like ESR and CRP. Previous X-ray review to find cause of nonunion.Results: All patients showed a complete union at the fracture site with an average duration of 4-6 months. There was no complaint of infection, joint stiffness or difficulty in weight bearing after treatment with revision fixation and bone grafting. Patients were able to walk without affecting their daily activity of living.  Conclusions: Comminuted medial cortex left unfixed or maligned will go into varus collapse and leads to failure of fixation

Physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to water deficit stress: status of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities

From a field experiment, the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities was studied in six Spanish peanut cultivars subjected to water deficit stress at two different stages viz. pegging and pod development stages. Imposition of water deficit stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability and total carotenoid content in all the cultivars, whereas total chlorophyll content increased at initially and decreased at later stage. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased under water deficit stress in most of the cultivars signifying greater damage to chlorophyll b rather than increase in chlorophyll a content. Oxidative stress measured in terms of H2O2 and superoxide radical content, and lipid peroxidation increased under water deficit stress, especially in susceptible cultivars viz. DRG 1, AK 159 and ICGV 86031. Relationship among different physiological parameters showed level of oxidative stress build-up was negatively correlated with activities of different antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glurathione reductase. The study concluded that in peanut water deficit stress at later stages of growth was more detrimental and an efficient antioxidant defense system manifested by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes was responsible for better stress tolerance in cultivars like ICGS 44 and TAG 24

Traditional knowledge and field marker development for essential oil content using peltate gland trichome and leaf colour in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Twenty-six accessions of sweet basil obtained from different parts of India were evaluated for morphological and quantitative characters. These accessions were observed for distinguish characters like trichome type, peltate gland (PG) size, sepal and flower colour, stem girth, branching pattern, growth habits and leaf colour. Besides that, they were observed for yield contributing characters viz., maximum plant height, spread, stem girth, fresh leaf, dry leaf, herbage yield and essential oil yield, and DOB-8W was found superior as compared to checks. Maximum number of peltate glands (PG) on abaxial leaf surface as compare to adaxial were recorded at all the three stages (young, mature and old based on leaf position on axis). However, PGs formation takes place only in younger leaves, therefore, the numbers of PGs were reduced in mature and older leaves due to expansion of leaf area with progression of age. Number of PGs on abaxial surface of young leaf, green leaf colour and essential oil content had positive relationship with each other. The green and purple colour intensity in leaf is to be field notch for initial screening of accessions for essential oil content

Diverse Presentation of Neurotoxicity After CAR-T Therapy in Multiple Myeloma Patients

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/aprn-week-23/1020/thumbnail.jp

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Not AvailableThe groundnut, mostly grown as rainfed in the arid and semi-arid regions is highly vulnerable to drought stresses of varying duration and intensity due to uncertain rainfall pattern (SINGH et al., 2013). Depending on the time of occurrence, drought has been characterized as early season, mid-season, and end-of-the-season drought. Mid- and end-of-the-season droughts are critical as they affect the pod yield and quality (JANILA et al., 2013). Water deficit stress during pod-development phase is detrimental to several physiological and biochemical processes (NAUTIYAL et al., 1991).Water stress conditions disturb photosynthetic activity of plants and thereby affects further vegetative growth and the mobilization of assimilates towards storage or sink tissues. Sugars in plants, derived from photosynthesis, act as substrates for energy metabolism and the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates, providing sink tissues with the necessary resources for growth and development. Responses to a specific stress can vary with the genotype, but some general reactions occur in all. Under sugar depleted condition, substantial physiological and bio-chemical changes occur to sustain respiration and other metabolic processes (JOURNET et al., 1986) Sucrose and glucose either act as the substrates for cellular respiration or as the osmolytes to maintain cellular osmotic potential (GUPTA et al., 2005).Not Availabl