Decolorization of textile dyes and their effluents using white rot fungi

Reactive dyes are important chemical pollutants from textile industries .The two species of white rot fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorize Blue CA, Black B133, Corazol Violet SR. Trametes hirsutaand Pleurotus florida displayed the greatest extent of decolorization. Laccase is the ligneolytic enzyme from these fungi. The laccase activity was measured using both solid and aqueous state assays. The dyeabsorption ability of the mycelium was studied using appropriate medium containing dyes at the concentration of 75 mg/l. The effective decolorization of Blue CA and Corazol Violet SR dyes by bothmicroorganisms were observed in the fifth day of incubation. Further decolorization activity was verified using various concentrations of dyes such as 25, 50 and 75 mg/l. Maximum decolorization was observedin Blue CA and Corazol Violet SR dyes. The effluent from the dye house was treated using both organisms with different concentration of glucose (1 and 2%). Effective decolourization was found to be more by the Pleurotus florida in 2% glucose

Biosynthesis characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. aqueous extract, and coated on cotton cloth for effective antibacterial activity

Pannerselvam Balashanmugam, Pudupalayam Thangavelu Kalaichelvan Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, India Abstract: The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver precursor using a plant biomaterial, Cassia roxburghii DC., aqueous extract. The AgNPs were synthesized from the shade-dried leaf extract and assessed for their stability; they elucidated characteristics under UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption at 430 nm, and the X-ray diffraction patterns showed that they were crystal in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to AgNPs due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. The HR-TEM analysis revealed that they are spherical ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm. The spot EDAX analysis showed the presence of silver atoms. In addition, AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six different pathogenic bacteria: three Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus, and three Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. They were highly sensitive to AgNPs, whereas less sensitive to AgNO3. Furthermore, the green synthesized AgNPs were immobilized on cotton fabrics and screened for antibacterial activity. The immobilized AgNPs on cotton cloth showed high antibacterial activity. Therefore, they could be a feasible alternative source in treating wounds or may help in replacing pharmaceutical band-aids. Keywords: bioreduction, stability, immobilization, cotton cloth, minimum inhibitory concentratio

IN VITRO WOUND HEALING AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF COTTON FABRICS COATED OPTIMIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM LEAF EXTRACTS

Objective: The present study was aimed to study at investigating the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated cotton fabrics against different pathogens and also for their wound healing property using fibroblasts cells. Materials and Methods: The leaf extracts of Peltophorum pterocarpum were used for the synthesis of AgNPs and were characterizing using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, and zeta potential measurement. The AgNPs were coated on cotton fabrics and tested for their antibacterial efficacy using agar well diffusion method. The wound healing property of synthesized AgNPs was tested using fibroblast 3T3 cells. Results: The plant extracts of P. pterocarpum were utilized for AgNPs. The optimum condition for synthesizing AgNPs was found to be 1 mg/ml plant concentration, 7 pH, 1 mM silver nitrate concatenation, and incubation temperature of 37°C. The shape of synthesized AgNPs was found to be spherical with an average size between 20 and 50 nm, and elemental silver peaks were confirmed by EDX spectrum. The cotton fabrics coated with AgNPs show good zone of inhibition against all the tested pathogens and the treated fabrics were also characterized using scanning electron microscope which reveals the presence of AgNPs on the fabrics. The scratch assay reveals that the AgNPs have good wound healing activity when tested against fibroblast 3T3. Conclusion: The present results conclude that the synthesized AgNPs have good stability with potent antimicrobial activity when coated with cotton fabrics. The AgNPs also found to have good activity significant wound healing activity when tested using fibroblast cells

Green Nanosilver as Reinforcing Eco-Friendly Additive to Epoxy Coating for Augmented Anticorrosive and Antimicrobial Behavior

Epoxy resin GY250 representing diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was reinforced with 1, 3 and 5 wt % of surface functionalized silver nanoparticles (F-AgNPs) which were synthesized using Couroupita guianensis leaves extract with a view of augmenting the corrosion control property of the epoxy resin and also imparting antimicrobial activity to epoxy coatings on mild steel. Corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by EIS, potentiodynamic polarization studies and cross scratch tests. AFM, SEM, HRTEM and EDX were utilized to investigate the surface topography, morphology and elemental composition of the coatings on MS specimens. Results showed that the corrosion resistance, hardness and T-g of the DGEBA/F-AgNPs coatings increased at 1 wt % of F-AgNPs. The DGEBA/F-AgNPs coatings also offered manifold antimicrobial protection to the MS surfaces by inhibiting the growth of biofilm forming bacteria like P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, the most common human pathogen E. coli and the most virulent human pathogenic yeast C. albicans

Purification and characterization of laccase produced by a white rot fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju under submerged culture condition and its potential in decolorization of azo dyes

An extracellular laccase was isolated and purified from Pleurotus sajor-caju grown in submerged culture in a bioreactor, and used to investigate its ability to decolorize three azo dyes. The extracellular laccase production was enhanced up to 2.5-fold in the medium amended with xylidine (1 mM). Purification was carried out using ammonium sulfate (70% w/v), DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme was purified up to 10.3-fold from the initial protein preparation with an overall yield of 53%. The purified laccase was monomeric with an apparent molecular mass of 61.0 kDa. The purified enzyme exerted its optimal activity with 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and oxidized various lignin-related phenols. The catalytic efficiencies k(cat)/K-m determined for ABTS and syringaldazine were 9.2x10(5) and 8.7x10(5), respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified enzyme was 5.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Sodium azide completely inhibited the laccase activity. The absorption spectrum revealed type 1 and type 3 copper signals. The purified enzyme decolorized azo dyes such as acid red 18, acid Black 1, and direct blue 71 up to 90, 87, and 72%, respectively. Decolorization ability of P. sajor-caju laccase suggests that this enzyme could be used for decolorization of industrial effluents.X116877sciescopu

Isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from <i style="">Helianthus annuus</i> linn

831-835 A bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, Helianthus annuus. The bioactive compound was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. The compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in Oryza sativa and Phaseolus mungo. It also showed activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. </smarttagtype

Inactivation of microbial infectiousness by silver nanoparticles-coated condom: a new approach to inhibit HIV- and HSV-transmitted infection

A Mohammed Fayaz,1,* Zhujun Ao,1,3,* Morkattu Girilal,2 Liyu Chen,3,4 Xianzhong Xiao,4 PT Kalaichelvan,2 Xiaojian Yao1,31Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; 2CAS in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 3Department of Microbiology, 4School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*Both authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Recent research suggests that today&amp;rsquo;s condoms are only 85% effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases. In response, there has been a push to develop more effective ways of decreasing the spread of the disease. The new nanotechnology-based condom holds the promise of being more potent than the first-generation products. The preliminary goal of this study was to develop a silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs)-coated polyurethane condom (PUC) and to investigate its antimicrobial potential including the inactivation of HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infectiousness. The Ag-NPs-coated PUC was characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy. Nanoparticles were stable on the PUC and not washed away by water. Morphology of the PUC was retained after coating. The NP binding is due to its interaction with the nitrogen atom of the PUC. No significant toxic effects was observed when human HeLa cells, 293T and C8166 T cells were contacted to Ag-NPs-coated PUC for three hours. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the contact of the Ag-NPs-coated PUC with HIV-1 and HSV-1/2 was able to efficiently inactivate their infectiousness. In an attempt to elucidate the antiviral action of the Ag-NPs, we have demonstrated that the anti-HIV activity was primarily mediated by the Ag-NPs, which are associated with the PUC. In addition, the data showed that both macrophage (M)-tropic and T lymphocyte (T)-tropic strains of HIV-1 were highly sensitive to the Ag-NPs-coated PUC. Furthermore, we also showed that the Ag-NPs-coated PUC was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. These results demonstrated that the Ag-NPs-coated PUC is able to directly inactivate the microbe&amp;rsquo;s infectious ability and provides another defense line against these sexually transmitted microbial infections.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, condom, HIV-1, HSV-1/2, antimicrobia

Morphological differentiation observed in manganese oxidizing bacterial colonies

Bacteria play a vital role in bringing about Mn(II) oxidation in the natural environment. A study was conducted to identify the potential threat offered by these bacteria in bringing about biomineralisation of manganese dioxide on titanium surfaces exposed to seawater. During the study it was observed that the bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus formed brown colonies on agar plates amended with Mn2+ indicating their ability to oxidize Mn(II). These colonies showed distinct morphologies when grown on plates containing Mn(II) while they formed normal colonies in the absence of Mn.(II).Hence it is possible that these morphologically distinct structures produced by the bacterial colonies assist these bacteria to perform this function of Mn-oxidation