Effect of copying on ability of the composition of child with mild intellectual disability

知的障害児にとって，言語能力を伸ばすことは適応行動の困難性を改善させると考えられる。本研究は，軽度知的障害を持つ生徒一人を対象に視写学習が文章力に与える効果を検討した。その結果，作文の表記力，速く正確に視写するといった書字能力に効果が見られた。また，視写学習を行う以前よりも，具体的な内容記述により文章に伝える力がついた。しかし，文章の構成，展開には変化が見られなかった。作文を書くためには，問いを理解し，適切な内容を考える力を始め，段落の設定及び起承転結の構成といった能力が必要となる。視写学習のみではそれらの能力の向上は難しく，国語や作文の書き方の指導と共に視写学習を行うことで，効果的に言語能力を向上させることができると考えられる。Language proficiency enhances adaptive behavior in children with intellectual disabilities. This study thus investigated the writing ability of student with a mild intellectual disability by having them write down assignments through copying. As a result, the practice of these writing abilities such as grammar, speed, and accurate copying were effective for the student.In addition, the student gained the ability to convey sentences by concrete content description better than before. However, there was no change in the composition and development of the story. To write a text, it is necessary to possess the ability to understand the question, think about the appropriate content, set paragraphs, and compose passages that include introduction, development, and conclusion. It is difficult to improve writing abilities only by copying, and we think copying learning in conjunction with instruction in Japanese classes and how to write a composition will improve language proficiency

Mother’s motivation to improve childhood obesity

本研究の目的は，子どもの肥満治療に対する母親のモチベーション（動機）の推移や動機に影響を与える要因を明らかにすることであった。複線経路・等至性モデル（Trajectory Equifinality Model：TEM）により動機の推移と影響要因を図式化し，母親への支援を中心に治療者及び支援者の介入を検討した。その結果，母親の動機は，子どもからの反発，家族・親族の肥満治療に対する理解の有無，仕事の負担など様々な影響を受け推移していた。支援について，1）生活習慣の改善は，子どもの意思，家族構成，母親の仕事状況などを考慮し，母子共に継続可能な目標をスモールステップで設定すること，2）家族や親族，学校など，母子の周囲の関係に働きかけて肥満治療の協力者を増やすこと，3）肥満に対処する中で，母子が抱える心労に対するケアを行うこと，などが考えられた。また，これらの支援は多職種が連携して行うことが求められる。The purpose of this study was to elucidate the changes and factors that affect mothers’ motivation for treating obesity in their children. Changes in motivation and the influencing factors were schematized using a Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM), and interventions by therapists and supporters were examined, focusing on the support for mothers. The results show that the motives of mothers were influenced by various factors, such as opposition from children, understanding of obesity treatment among family members and relatives, and the burden of work. Regarding support, the suggestions included 1) to improve lifestyle habits, set goals that can be sustained by both mother and child in small steps, considering the child’s will, family structure, mother’s work situation, etc. 2) to increase the number of people who support the obesity treatment by working with the relationships around the mother and child, such as families, relatives, schools etc., and 3) to provide care for the mental burden of the mother and child while dealing with obesity. Besides, a multidisciplinary collaboration is required to provide such support