Study on Toxic Impact of Sugar Factory Effluent on the Gill of the Fresh Water Fish Rasbora Daniconius

The fresh water fish Rasbora daniconius were exposed to two sublethal concentration of sugar factory effluent for 4 weeks studied. The concentration were record 1/5(2.2%) and 1/10(1.1%) of the 96 hrs LC 5O values of sugar factory effluent. The gills of R. daniconius showed the curling and degeneration and breaking of epithelium cells of the secondary gill lamellae, destruction of blood cells, blood capillaries and nuclei were the prominent features of the gill

Ultrafast switching time and third order nonlinear coefficients of microwave treated single walled carbon nanotube suspensions

Microwave treated water soluble and amide functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated using femtosecond degenerate pump-probe and nonlinear transmission experiments. The time resolved differential transmission using 75 femtosecond pulse with the central wavelength of 790 nm shows a bi-exponential ultrafast photo-bleaching with time constants of of 160 fs (130 fs) and 920 fs (300 fs) for water soluble (amide functionalized) nanotubes. Open and closed aperture z-scans show saturation absorption and positive (negative) nonlinear refraction for water soluble (amide functionalized) nanotubes. Two photon absorption coefficient,beata ~250 cm/GW (650 cm/GW) and nonlinear index, gamma ~ 15 cm^2/pW (-30 cm^2/pW) are obtained from the theoretical fit in the saturation limit to the data for two types of nanotubes.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Effect of fillers and fire retardant compounds on hydroxy terminated polybutadiene based insulators

A series of polyurethane compositions have been formulated using hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene as polymeric binder and carbon black as a major filler. Various binder-to-filler ratios of the formulations were evaluated to get calendered sheets. The formulations have been characterised for pot-life and rollability and the calendered sheets for mechanical and thermal properties, bUm rate, glass transition temperature, shore hardness and density . The different fillers tried were varieties of carbon black as a major filler; metal oxides, silicates and organic compounds; and fire retardants, such as zinc borate, sodium metaborate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and antimony trioxide. The structure and morphology of the fillers have been correlated with the properties. The optimised composition has been evaluated in an end-burning motor, as an insulator for case-bonded application, using a typical composite propellant. The results of interface bonding between the propellant and the insulator have also been presented

A study to assess effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on gastro intestinal tract assessment among student nurses of tertiary care hospital: a statistical approach

Background: The gastro intestinal is important system in the human body. Many times it is found that its uneasy for student nurses to check the patient. So, there is need to improve the available learning programmes regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment.So, it was necessary to conduct this study for educating student nurses regarding the gastro intestinal tract assessment to improve their knowledge. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding gastro-intestinal tract assessment and to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment.Methods: Material and methods used for the study is the evaluative approach; one group pre test, post test design was used. Study was conducted on sample of 70 student nurses by using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The mean knowledge score of student nurses during the pre-test was 39.89% where as it had raised up to 72% during the post-test regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment as effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme. Therefore, the difference assessed was 32.11% between pre-test and post-test.Conclusions: There was significant difference between the pre-test knowledge level and post-test knowledge level of student nurses on gastro intestinal tract assessment. Hence health education programs and on-going teaching both can further improve the knowledge of student nurses

The Computational Power of Optimization in Online Learning

We consider the fundamental problem of prediction with expert advice where the experts are "optimizable": there is a black-box optimization oracle that can be used to compute, in constant time, the leading expert in retrospect at any point in time. In this setting, we give a novel online algorithm that attains vanishing regret with respect to $N$ experts in total $\widetilde{O}(\sqrt{N})$ computation time. We also give a lower bound showing that this running time cannot be improved (up to log factors) in the oracle model, thereby exhibiting a quadratic speedup as compared to the standard, oracle-free setting where the required time for vanishing regret is $\widetilde{\Theta}(N)$. These results demonstrate an exponential gap between the power of optimization in online learning and its power in statistical learning: in the latter, an optimization oracle---i.e., an efficient empirical risk minimizer---allows to learn a finite hypothesis class of size $N$ in time $O(\log{N})$. We also study the implications of our results to learning in repeated zero-sum games, in a setting where the players have access to oracles that compute, in constant time, their best-response to any mixed strategy of their opponent. We show that the runtime required for approximating the minimax value of the game in this setting is $\widetilde{\Theta}(\sqrt{N})$, yielding again a quadratic improvement upon the oracle-free setting, where $\widetilde{\Theta}(N)$ is known to be tight

Synergistic Hypergolic Ignition of Amino End Group in Monomers and Polymers

A few monomers, oligomers and polymers with amino end groups have been discovered to undergo synergistic ignition with red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) when mixed with large quantities of magnesium powder. Aluminium powder under similar conditions does not ignite the mixture while powders of Zn, Co and Cu cause the ignition. Amongst the polymers used in the experiment commercially available nylon 6 is the most important which may be used as a binder for rocket propellant fuel grains, hypergolic with RFNA. Degree of polymerisation or the chain length of the polymers does not drastically affect the synergistic ignition of the polymer mixture with magnesium powder but high molecular weight and fully aromatised polymers like Kevlar and Nomex fail to ignite under similar conditions. Based upon the earlier work of the authors, explanations for the phenomena oberved have been provided in terms of creation of hot spots leading to ignition at the amino end groups

The Changing Relationship between Surface Temperatures and Indian Monsoon Rainfall with the Phase of ESI Tendency

Effective Strength Index (ESI) is the relative strength of NAO and SO. ESI tendency is the algebraic difference between April-ESI and January-ESI and it represents the simultaneous evolution of NAO and SO from winter to spring. During positive (negative) phase of ESI tendency, NAO restores positive (negative) phase and SO restores negative (positive) phase before the beginning of summer season. Thus during contrasting phases (positive and negative) of ESI tendency, the evolution of NAO and SO is out of phase. In this paper we have studied the spatial and temporal variability of winter-time temperature field over Europe, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during contrasting phases of ESI tendency. The study reveals that during positive (negative) ESI tendency, smaller (larger) region of Europe is showing significant winter-time cooling (warming) at surface. The relationship between winter-time surface temperature over above regions and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) also shows spatial and temporal variability. The probable explanation for this change in the relationship is discussed in the paper. Two sets of temperature parameters for two different phases of ESI tendency are found out. Multiple regression equations are developed for the prediction of ISMR in each phase of ESI tendency. The performance of these equations is also discussed in this paper

THE NOOTROPIC EFFECT OF SWARNAYOG IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

In the world of competition, every child stood in the race for first position. This may exposing the young brains for educational and competitive stress, eventually result in an inability to concentrate and affect memory and the level of cognition. To overcome the situations nootropics are use as brain boosters or memory enhancer. In Ayurveda many Yogas are recommended to use as Medhya (brain booster) in children, Swarnayog is one of them. This study was design to evaluate the nootropic effect of Swarnayog in school children. Normal children without having any physical or mental illness of age group 7-9 yrs was selected. Further they were evaluated for IQ and school performance report. The IQ was not less than 70 and the school performance report was not less than 40% was considered for the study. Total of 60 children were enrolled and randomly divided in two groups A & B. A was treatment and B was control group. The group A was received Swarnayog in the dose of 5 drops per day in morning hours and the group B was received Honey as placebo in the dose of 5 drops per day in morning hours for the period of 30 days. The day 31 children are assessed for general health condition and further on the day 60 children were assessed for academic performance and IQ level. The effect of Swarnayog on group A for academic performance was statistically significant compared with group B, the p value < 0.05= the level of significance. The effect of Swarnayog on group A for IQ was statistically significant compared with group B, the p value < 0.05= the level of significance.   The study was found that group A showed significant effect compared to group B, it showed the positive changes in academic performance & IQ score. Thus the Swarnayog was a good nootropic drug, further study will require for their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic actions

Development of 3 DOF Kinematics

In today’s society, robots are used in various areas especially in those where high precision is required. Robots have improved life standards and we are upgrading their performances in order to make our lives easier and more comfortable. Many applications in the field of medicine and industry use different kind of motor-based systems such as robots because of their wide-range of sufficient characteristics like the fact that they can be used as constant power devices with accurate positioning and fast response. This project describes implementation of the proposed control of the stepper motor and robotic arm by development of suitable transfer function. In this work a motorized robot arm with a 3 degree of freedom is designed. For this design control algorithm will be developed using MATLAB software which is widely used in controlling application

Brain tumour segmentation in MRI using fuzzy deformable fusion model with Dolphin-SCA

It is evident that when the human brain stops functioning for a small period of time, it will lead to death. As a result, dealing with brain disorders should be done early and properly. A brain tumour is one of the most serious brain illnesses. The development of tumours can be detected using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, because an MRI image has loud noise, it can be hard to diagnose a tumour. The diagnosis process is slow, yet illness necessitates prompt and accurate medical attention in order for patients to survive. One of the solutions for tumour diagnosis is to employ MRI brain picture segmentation. In this designed model, MRI of the brain is collected and pre-processed with Non-Local Means (NLM) to reduce noise from captured raw data. This pre-processed image is first segmented with Region of Interest (ROI) for identifying regions of interest and then with a fusion deformable fuzzy system, which combines fuzzy C-means (FCM) and deformable systems. By analyzing the fitness value of α and β constants, segmented pictures from models are fused using the Dolphin Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) method to combine the model results. The integrated output from the algorithm is classified with the deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier. The created model experimental findings are analyzed and compared to current methodologies. The proposed model performance measures are 0.90, 0.89, 0.88, and 0.10 in terms of selectivity, precision, accuracy and errors. As a result, when compared to previous strategies, the proposed approach outperforms them