Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis and papulonecrotic tuberculids of the glans penis

A 25-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic papulo-pustular eruption over the glans penis. The clinical features and investigations were suggestive of papulonecrotic tuberculids of the glans penis. He had an underlying bilateral active tuberculous epididymo-orchitis and a healed focus of pulmonary tuberculosis

Light Emitting Diodes and Low Level Laser Light Therapy

Low level laser therapy (LLLT), including coherent and non-coherent light sources, also known as photobiomodulation, is a non-ablative treatment modality that alters cellular biochemical processes through its action on the mitochondria and by changing the cellular redox state. Treatment is delivered by exposing cells or tissue to light of low energy densities for a specific amount of time. This process has been reported to have beneficial therapeutic effects on a wide variety of conditions that benefit from alleviation of pain or inflammation, immunomodulation, and promotion of wound healing and tissue regeneration. LLLT’s use in dermatology is still considered experimental and investigational, hence it is currently used primarily as an adjunct therapy. Skepticisms mostly stem from ambiguities in its mechanism of action and the complexity of its dosimetry. For the same reasons, guidelines directing its use are not yet well established. Nonetheless, many recent studies have reported favorable outcomes achieved with LLLT in a number of indications (e.g. wound healing, hair growth, skin rejuvenation, fibrosis) with minimal adverse events