Effect of glutamine supplementation on serum LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese individuals

Orientador: Patrícia de Oliveira PradaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências AplicadasResumo: A obesidade tornou-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde publica no mundo. Nas ultimas décadas, estudos têm demonstrado que a obesidade produz um estado de inflamação crônica subclínica e resistência à insulina em vários tecidos. Indivíduos obesos podem apresentar elevados níveis séricos de LPS e esta condição está associada à resistência à insulina e ao aumento na expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e consequentemente na inflamação subclínica associada à obesidade. Neste contexto, a ação da glutamina tem despertado interesse por melhorar a resistência à insulina em tecidos periféricos através redução da expressão de marcadores inflamatórios nestes tecidos. Entretanto, ainda não foi bem elucidado se a suplementação oral de glutamina pode intervir nestas condições. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de investigar se a suplementação oral com glutamina influencia o estado nutricional de indivíduos sobrepeso e obesos e também os níveis de LPS e citocinas pró-inflamatórias. No nosso estudo, a suplementação com glutamina não demonstrou reduzir significativamente os níveis séricos de LPS, no entanto, houve redução da citocina próinflamatória TNF-'alfa', dos níveis séricos de insulina de jejum, bem como da circunferência da cintura. Assim, a suplementação com GLN em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos pode ser benéfica para reduzir a adiposidade e melhorar a inflamação subclínica associada ao aumento do peso corpóreo. A suplementação com GLN em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos também melhora o quadro de resistência à insulina. Neste sentido, sua suplementação, pelo menos em curto prazo, pode ser recomendada para a melhora do metabolismo energéticoAbstract: Obesity has become a major public health problem. In the last decades studies shown that it can induce low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in tissues. Obese individuals can have elevated lipopolissacharides (LPS) serum levels and this condition is associated to insulin resistance and the increased inflammatory cytokine expression. In this context, Glutamine actions has been studied for its role in insulin resistance in peripheral tissues decreasing of inflammatory markers expression. Although, it's still not clear if oral glutamine supplementation can change these conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether oral glutamine supplementation can influence in the nutritional state of overweight and obese individuals and also in LPS serum levels and proinflammatory citokines In our study, glutamine doesn¿t demonstrate to significantly reduce LPS serum levels, although TNF-'alfa', fasting insulin and waist circumference was decreased after supplementation. Finally, supplementation with glutamine in overweight and obese individuals can show benefits reducing adiposity and improve low-grade chronic inflammation. It can also improve insulin resistance. Is this sense, GLN supplementation can be recommended in short term to improve energy metabolismMestradoNutriçãoMestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolism

Gastroprotective effect of soluble dietary fibres from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) peel against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats

Yellow passion fruit peel (PFP) is considered an important source of dietary fibre (DF) and its consumption has been associated with health benefits in metabolic and gut disturbs. This work aimed to characterize the chemical structure of soluble DF (SDF) from PFP and evaluate its gastroprotective activity in acute gastric-ulcer model induced by ethanol in rats. SDF was composed of 92% of GalA and presented high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (DE = 70%), with relative M-w of 53 kDa. Oral pre-treatment of animals with SDF (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced gastric ulcer lesions by 72%, 79% and 87% respectively. The gastroprotective effect was maintained when SDF was administered by the intraperitoneal route. SDF also prevented the depletion of GSH levels and gastric wall mucus when administered by both routes. These results demonstrated that ingestion of SDF from PFP exerts significant gastroprotective effects in vivo on experimentally induced gastric ulcers54552558CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informação404717/2016-0; 140745/2013-

Oral Glutamine Supplementation Reduces Obesity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in DIO Wistar Rats and Reduces Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Humans

In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic oral glutamine (Gln) supplementation may alter metabolic parameters and the inflammatory profile in overweight and obese humans as well as whether Gln may modulate molecular pathways in key tissues linked to the insulin action in rats. Thirty-nine overweight/obese volunteers received 30 g of Gln or alanine (Ala-control) for 14 days. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hormones, and pro-inflammatory markers were evaluated. To investigate molecular mechanisms, Gln or Ala was given to Wistar rats on a high-fat diet (HFD), and metabolic parameters, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with tracers, and Western blot were done. Gln reduced WC and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in overweight volunteers. In the obese group, Gln diminished WC and serum insulin. There was a positive correlation between the reduction on WC and LPS. In rats on HFD, Gln reduced adiposity, improved insulin action and signaling, and reversed both defects in glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle. Gln supplementation increased muscle glucose uptake and reversed the increased hepatic glucose production, in parallel with a reduced glucose uptake in adipose tissue. This insulin resistance in AT was accompanied by enhanced IRS1 O-linked-glycosamine association in this tissue, but not in the liver and muscle. These data suggest that Gln supplementation leads to insulin resistance specifically in adipose tissue via the hexosamine pathway and reduces adipose mass, which is associated with improvement in the systemic insulin action. Thus, further investigation with Gln supplementation should be performed for longer periods in humans before prescribing as a beneficial therapeutic approach for individuals who are overweight and obese