Suppression of interfering ions by using ionic liquid and micelle moieties in spectrofluorimetric analysis of manganese

Eosin-Y exhibits high affinity and emission based spectral response to most of the major ions in water samples. In the present study we performed selective spectrofluorimetric analysis of manganese with eosin-Y in the presence of potential interferents. We employed green chemistry reagents, ionic liquids (ILs) and two different micelles, to suppress the effect of conventional cations and anions on the response of eosin-Y. The experimental data revealed that different test moieties caused enhanced analytical response to Mn2+. The highest analytical signal of eosin-Y was obtained in the presence of Triton X-100 at a concentration of 2.0 x 10(-3) mol L-1. Presence of the green chemistry reagents ILs enhanced the limit of quantification for Mn2+ 10-fold with respect to the IL-free moieties. The interfering effects of the metal ions of Ca2+, Cu2+, Hg+, Hg2+, As5+, Li+, Al3+, Cr3+, CO2+, Ni2+, and the anionic groups were completely suppressed in the presence of the ILs and micelles. Additionally, the tolerance limit of Na+ and Zn2+ ions increased 6-fold in the presence of IL and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The presented method did not use any harmful conventional solvents and was employed successfully for the detection of Mn2+ ions in real water samples

Suppression of interfering ions by using ionic liquid and micelle moieties in spectrofluorimetric analysis of manganese

Eosin-Y exhibits high affinity and emission based spectral response to most of the major ions in water samples. In the present study we performed selective spectrofluorimetric analysis of manganese with eosin-Y in the presence of potential interferents. We employed green chemistry reagents, ionic liquids (ILs) and two different micelles, to suppress the effect of conventional cations and anions on the response of eosin-Y. The experimental data revealed that different test moieties caused enhanced analytical response to Mn2+. The highest analytical signal of eosin-Y was obtained in the presence of Triton X-100 at a concentration of 2.0 x 10(-3) mol L-1. Presence of the green chemistry reagents ILs enhanced the limit of quantification for Mn2+ 10-fold with respect to the IL-free moieties. The interfering effects of the metal ions of Ca2+, Cu2+, Hg+, Hg2+, As5+, Li+, Al3+, Cr3+, CO2+, Ni2+, and the anionic groups were completely suppressed in the presence of the ILs and micelles. Additionally, the tolerance limit of Na+ and Zn2+ ions increased 6-fold in the presence of IL and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The presented method did not use any harmful conventional solvents and was employed successfully for the detection of Mn2+ ions in real water samples

Rehabilitation in spinal infection diseases

Spinal cord infections were the diseases defined by Hypocrite yet the absence of modern medicine and there was not a real protocol in rehabilitation although there were many aspects in surgical treatment options. The patients whether surgically or conservatively treated had a lot of neurological, motor, and sensory disturbances. Our clinic has quite experience from our previous researchs. Unfortunately, serious spinal cord infections are still present in our region. In these patients the basic rehabilitation approaches during early, pre-operation, post-operation period and in the home environment will provide significant contributions to improve the patients' sensory and motor skills, develop the balance and proriocaption, increase the independence of patients in daily living activities and minimize the assistance of other people. There is limited information in the literature related with the nature of the rehabilitation programmes to be applied for patients with spinal infections. The aim of this review is to share our clinic experience and summarise the publications about spinal infection rehabilitation. There are very few studies about the rehabilitation of spinal infections. There are still not enough studies about planning and performing rehabilitation programs in these patients. Therefore, a comprehensive rehabilitation programme during the hospitalisation and home periods is emphasised in order to provide optimal management and prevent further disability

Manipulating spectral properties of the Hg (II) sensitive carbazole-oxadiazole derivative by silver nanoparticles: Two different sensing mechanisms for the same probe

In this work, a newly synthesized fluorescent probe was used along with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for selective sensing of the sub-nanomolar concentrations of ionic mercury. We offered two different sensing mechanisms for the same probe manipulating its spectral properties by additives. The convenient sensing mechanism was relying on the quenching-based interaction of Hg (II) with the fluoroionophore in plasticized PMMA matrix at a certain wavelength. The second way relies on nanoscale chemistry of the silver and following formation of Ag-Hg solid amalgams on the surface of the sensing materials. The silver-equipped optodes allowed the ratiometric determination of Hg (II) in the working range of 1.0 x 10- 12-1.0 x 10-3 M with a detection limit of 3.9 10-14 and 7.9 10-14 M for the AgNP equipped electrospun fibers and thin films, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity for the Hg (II) with respect to the convenient alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions. In addition to the extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity, the dye exhibited high fluorescence quantum yield, long excitation, and emission wavelength, and high Stokes' shifts in the solid matrix which makes it compatible with solid-state optics including fiber optics and LEDs

Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the injury of the spinal cord from the foramen magnum to the cauda equina which occurs as a result of compulsion, incision or contusion. The most common causes of SCI in the world are traffic accidents, gunshot injuries, knife injuries, falls and sports injuries. There is a strong relationship between functional status and whether the injury is complete or not complete, as well as the level of the injury. The results of SCI bring not only damage to independence and physical function, but also include many complications from the injury. Neurogenic bladder and bowel, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, orthostatic hypotension, fractures, deep vein thrombosis, spasticity, autonomic dysreflexia, pulmonary and cardiovascular problems, and depressive disorders are frequent complications after SCI. SCI leads to serious disability in the patient resulting in the loss of work, which brings psychosocial and economic problems. The treatment and rehabilitation period is long, expensive and exhausting in SCI. Whether complete or incomplete, SCI rehabilitation is a long process that requires patience and motivation of the patient and relatives. Early rehabilitation is important to prevent joint contractures and the loss of muscle strength, conservation of bone density, and to ensure normal functioning of the respiratory and digestive system. An interdisciplinary approach is essential in rehabilitation in SCI, as in the other types of rehabilitation. The team is led by a physiatrist and consists of the patients' family, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, dietician, psychologist, speech therapist, social worker and other consultant specialists as necessary

An emission based optical CO2 sensor fabricated on grating-like TiO2 substrates using HPTS

TiO2 is a widely used material in various applications, including photo-catalysis, sensing, and dye-sensitized solar cells. In this work, we presented a stable and sensitive CO2 sensor working on principle of emission signals of the HPTS dye immobilized on TiO2 substrates whose effective refractive indices in the parallel and perpendicular grating orientations evidenced earlier. The HPTS exhibited 8.4-fold enhanced emission signal on the offered substrates with respect to the previously reported intensities recorded for the polymeric supports. The emission peaks of the HPTS exhibited CO2 induced intensity quenching when excited at 466 nm. Calibration sensitivity of the offered composites has been tested exposing the sensor materials to varying concentrations of the CO2 between 0.0 and 100.0 % pCO2 and correlating the measured fluorescence intensity with the corresponding CO2 levels. The dye revealed enhanced CO2 induced response exhibiting the I0/100 values of 11.9, 13.3, 11.2 and 6.5. We also recorded bi-exponential excited state lifetimes for the HPTS on four different test materials both in the absence and presence of the CO2. The emission based variations were followed as the analytical signal due to higher CO2-induced relative signal changes than that of the lifetime based variations. Herein we used the ion pair form of the HPTS in a protective chemical microenvironment and obtained considerable long term stability extending to16 mounts which can be attributed to the presence of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as an internal buffering system in the sensing composition as well as the inert and robust structure of the substrate. The extremely high optical response, advantage of excitation with blue LEDs and long-term stability observed on grating-like TiO2 surfaces make the proposed system a promising design for the quantification of CO2 for further applications

Enhanced luminescence of a silica‐nitride phosphor; La3Si6N11:Ce3+by using Cr3+‐activated TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract Ce3+‐activated silica nitride phosphors (lanthanum silicate‐nitride [LSN]) are promising thermostable conversion components for white‐light‐emitting diodes, screen technologies, and other optoelectronic applications. Cr3+‐activated TiO2, on the other hand, is a strongly absorbing material depending on its size and optical microenvironment. In this work, we gathered Cr3+‐doped TiO2 and La3Si6N11:Ce3+ in an optically transparent polymethylmethacrylate matrix. Photoluminescence of the binary blends of La3Si6N11:Ce3+/TiO2 and La3Si6N11:Ce3+/TiO2:Cr3+ has been investigated under two different excitation energies by steady‐state and lifetime‐based measurements, respectively. When the microscale La3Si6N11:Ce3+ phosphor and nanoscale TiO2:Cr3+ particles were gathered at a critical concentration, the resulting composite exhibited 3.14‐fold enhancement in the emission signal intensity with respect to the additive‐free phosphor. Upon excitation, the La3Si6N11:Ce3+–TiO2:Cr3+ blend exhibited different excited‐state lifetimes for the nano‐ and microsecond time‐scales compared to the LSN. The microsecond time‐scale measurements performed under 378 nm excitation supported the existence of a potential energy transfer from the TiO2:Cr3+ to the La3Si6N11:Ce3+

Left lung wedge resection after right pneumonectomy: a case report

A progressing nodule of 8 mm in diameter was observed in the lower lobe superior segment of the left lung on thoracic tomography in a 67-year-old male patient who had right pneumonectomy 12-years ago due to stage I squamous cell carcinoma. A non-metabolic nodule was observed in fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Since it was a stage I tumor, left lower lobe was occluded and left upper lobe was selectively ventilated prior to a wedge resection in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. The histopathology of the nodule was reported as mucinous adenocarcinoma. After pneumonectomy, the development of contralateral secondary lung cancer has surgical resection indication if the cancer is a clinical stage I disease and appropriate for wedge resection or segmentectomy and the patient has an adequate respiratory reserve