42 research outputs found
Suuremahuline hemodiafiltratsioon raske sepsise ravis â toime antibiootikumide farmakokineetikale ning sĂŒsteemsele pĂ”letikureaktsioonile
VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Sepsis â organismi ĂŒlepiiriline reaktsioon infektsioonile - ja selle kĂ”ige raskemad vormid, raske sepsis ja septiline ĆĄokk, on oluline tervishoiuprobleem. Sepsise ravi vĂ”tmekĂŒsimusteks on Ă”ige antibakteriaalne ravi, kiire infektsioonikolde kontroll ja ĂŒlepiirilise pĂ”letikureaktsiooni pidurdamine. PĂ”letikureaktsiooni pidurdamiseks on kasutatud mediaatorite kehavĂ€list eemaldamist teatud tĂŒĂŒpi neeruasendusravi - suuremahulise hemodiafiltratsiooni (HVHDF) abil. Kuigi potentsiaalselt efektiivne pĂ”letikureaktsiooni ravis, vĂ”ib HVHDF organismist eemaldada liigselt antibiootikume, muutes ebaefektiivseks infektsiooni ravi. KĂ€esoleva töö eesmĂ€rgiks oli kirjeldada kahe antibiootikumi, doripeneemi ja piperatsilliin/tasobaktaami kĂ€itumist HVHDF-i ajal, et leida vajalikud annused, ning kirjeldada selle meetodi toimet patsiendi vereringele ja pĂ”letikumediaatorite kontsentratsioonile vereseerumis. Selleks koguti raskes sepsises ja septilises ĆĄokis Ă€geda neerupuudulikkusega patsientidelt 12 vereproovi ĂŒhe annuse doripeneemi ja piperatsilliin/tasobaktaami manustamise jĂ€rgselt ja mÀÀrati nende ravimite kontsentratsioonid. Enne ja pĂ€rast 10-tunnist HVHDF-i registreeriti patsientide vereringe nĂ€itajad ja mÀÀrati pĂ”letikumediaatorite kontsentratsioonid vereseerumis. Leidsime suured patsientidevahelised erinevused ravimikontsentratsioonides ĂŒhesuguse annuse manustamise jĂ€rgselt. Nii doripeneemi kui piperatsilliin/tasobaktaami keskmine eemaldumine organismist HVHDF-i ajal oli umbes kaks korda aeglasem kui tervetel vabatahtlikel. Raskes sepsises ja septilises ĆĄokis Ă€geda neerupuudulikkusega patsientide raviks HVHDF-i ajal sobivad normaalse neerufunktsiooniga patsientidele soovitatud annused. Suurte patsientidevaheliste erinevuste tĂ”ttu on tĂ€psemaks annustamiseks vajalik ravimi kontsentratsioonide jĂ€lgimine ravi ajal. Patsientide vereringe paranes HVHDF-i ajal, vereringe paranemine ei olnud tingitud pĂ”letikumediaatorite kontsentratsiooni vĂ€henemisest.Sepsis â a systemic, deleterious host response to infection â and its most complicated forms, severe sepsis and septic shock remain a major healthcare problem. The key issues in the treatment of sepsis are adequate antibacterial therapy, rapid source control and handling of the systemic inflammatory reaction. Nonselective extracorporeal removal of mediators by a specific method of renal replacement therapy - high volume haemodiafiltration (HVHDF) has been used to control systemic inflammation. While potentially effective in inhibiting the systemic reaction, HVHDF may lead to excessive removal of antibiotics and ineffective antibacterial treatment. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of two antibiotics â doripenem and piperacillin/tazobactam during HVHDF in order to define optimal dosing for this method. We also aimed to describe the impact of HVHDF on the patientsâ circulation and inflammatory mediator profile. After a single dose of doripenem and piperacillin/tazobactam 12 blood samples were collected from severe sepsis and septic shock patients with renal failure. Before and after a 10 hour HVHDF session the patientsâ haemodynamic variables and serum inflammatory mediator concentrations were measured. We found high interpatient variability in the serum concentrations of both antibiotics after administering the same dose to everyone. The mean clearance of both antibiotics from the body was about twice slower than in healthy volunteers. Doses recommended by the manufacturer for patients with normal renal function could be used during HVHDF to treat severe sepsis and septic shock in patients with renal failure. Due to high interpatient variability monitoring the concentrations of both antibiotics during treatment would allow more precise dosing. While the patientsâ circulation improved during HVHDF, the improvement was not caused by decrease of inflammatory mediator concentrations
Ravimite annustamine ÀÀrmise rasvumusega patsiendile âhaigusjuhu kirjeldus
Eesti Arst 2016; 95(1):38â4
Maliigne neuroleptiline sĂŒndroom â kahe haigusjuhu esitlus
Maliigne neuroleptiline sĂŒndroom (MNS) on tsentraalset dopaminergilist sĂŒsteemi mĂ”jutavate ravimite harva esinev, kuid potentsiaalselt eluohtlik kĂ”rvaltoime. Diferentsiaaldiagnostiliselt tuleb MNSi peale mĂ”elda iga neuroleptikume tarvitava verpatsiendi puhul, kellel on tekkinud kĂ”rge palavik, lihasrigiidsus ja teadvushĂ€ire ning suurenenud kreatiinkinaasi sisaldus veres. MNSi ravis on oluline kohene pĂ”hjustava ravimi tarvitamise lĂ”petamine ning toetav ravi, eelkĂ”ige palaviku alandamine,
vajaduse korral intensiivravi. SpetsiiïŹ liste ravivĂ”tete kasutamise tĂ”hususe kohta on vastuolulisi arvamusi. Enim on kasutamist leidnud dopamiini agonist bromokriptiin ning lihasrelaksant dantroleen. Viimastel aastakĂŒmnetel on suremus MNSi oluliselt vĂ€henenud. Enamik patsiente, kes jÀÀvad ellu, paraneb MNSist tĂ€ielikult.
Eesti Arst 2008; 87(1):45â5
Should we measure intra-abdominal pressures in every intensive care patient?
Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is seldom measured by default in intensive care patients. This review summarises the current evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) to assist the decision-making for IAP monitoring
Dosing of Ertapenem in an Extreme Obesity: A Case Report of 250âkg Patient
Limited available data for dosing in obesity of the medicines used in this case are discussed, with the emphasis on ertapenem. The case illustrates the difficulties in dosing medicines to morbidly overweight patients. The number of such patients is increasing but data on adequate doses of medicines are scarce. We demonstrate that ertapenem 1,5âg i.v. once daily provided adequate drug exposure for susceptible bacteria in a 250âkg patient with normal renal function. The case suggests the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics, especially in critically ill patients
KehatĂŒve traumade kĂ€sitlus. Ravijuhend 2009
Ravijuhendi on tunnustanud Eesti Haigekassa.
Eesti Arst 2009; 88(11):774â78
Intraabdominaalse hĂŒpertensiooni esinemissagedus intensiivravihaigetel ja mĂ”ju ravitulemustele
Tartu Ălikooli Kliinikumi ĂŒldintensiivraviosakonnas on intraabdominaalset rĂ”hku (IAP) mÔÔdetud alates 2004. aastast. KĂ€esolev töö keskendub intraabdominaalse hĂŒpertensiooni (IAH) esinemissageduse ja mĂ”ju uurimisele kahe perioodi vĂ”rdluses: esimesel perioodil (2004â2006) mÔÔdeti IAP ainult eeldatava riskirĂŒhma patsientidel, teisel perioodil (2006â2007) aga kĂ”ikidel aparaadihingamisel olevatel haigetel. Uurimuse tulemustest selgus, et IAH riskirĂŒhm on raskesti kindlaks tehtav. JĂ€lgides IAPd ainult valitud patsientidel, jÀÀb osa IAH-patsientidest identiïŹ tseerimata. IAH esineb intensiivravipatsientidel sageli ning on seotud nende suurema suremusega.
Eesti Arst 2008; 87(3):191â19
Abdominaalse kompartmentsĂŒndroomi levimus ning ravitulemused TĂ Kliinikumi ĂŒldintensiivravi osakonnas aastatel 2004â2006
Uuringu eesmĂ€rk oli analĂŒĂŒsida abdominaalse kompartmentsĂŒndroomi (AKS) levimust, rutiinseid ravimeetodeid ning elulemust TĂ Kliinikumi ĂŒldintensiivravi osakonna andmetel aastatel 2004â2006. Andmed koguti prospektiivselt, analĂŒĂŒs tehti retrospektiivselt. Sel perioodil viibis ĂŒldintensiivravi osakonnas ravil kokku 1077 patsienti, intraabdominaalset rĂ”hku (IAP) mÔÔdeti neist 370-l. Kokku 15 patsiendil kujunes vĂ€lja AKS. AKSiga patsientide suremus oli 66,7%. AKS-diagnoos ei kajastunud ĂŒheski haigusloos, neljal juhul mainiti seda decursusâes. Konservatiivsetest ravimeetoditest kasutati kĂ”igil patsientidel passiivset nasogastraalaspiratsiooni, seitsmel patsiendil narkoosi sĂŒvendamist ja kuuel lahtisteid. Dekompressiivne laparotoomia tehti kahele patsiendile.
Eesti Arst 2009; 88(4):234â24
Sepsise ja septilise ĆĄoki ravijuhend 2018 â esmane diagnostika ja ravivĂ”tted
Eesti Arst 2018; 97(7):387â39
Development of the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Score (GIDS) for critically ill patients â A prospective multicenter observational study (iSOFA study)
Background & aims: To develop a five grade score (0â4 points) for the assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in adult critically ill patients. Methods: This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled consecutive adult patients admitted to 11 intensive care units in nine countries. At all sites, daily clinical data with emphasis on GI clinical symptoms were collected and intra-abdominal pressure measured. In five out of 11 sites, the biomarkers citrulline and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) were measured additionally. Cox models with time-dependent scores were used to analyze associations with 28- and 90-day mortality. The models were estimated with stratification for study center. Results: We included 540 patients (224 with biomarker measurements) with median age of 65 years (range 18â94), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score of 38 (interquartile range 26â53) points, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 6 (interquartile range 3â9) points at admission. Median ICU length of stay was 3 (interquartile range 1â6) days and 90-day mortality 18.9%. A new five grade Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Score (GIDS) was developed based on the rationale of the previously developed Acute GI Injury (AGI) grading. Citrulline and I-FABP did not prove their potential for scoring of GI dysfunction in critically ill. GIDS was independently associated with 28- and 90-day mortality when added to SOFA total score (HR 1.40; 95%CI 1.07â1.84 and HR 1.40; 95%CI 1.02â1.79, respectively) or to a model containing all SOFA subscores (HR 1.48; 95%CI 1.13â1.92 and HR 1.47; 95%CI 1.15â1.87, respectively), improving predictive power of SOFA score in all analyses. Conclusions: The newly developed GIDS is additive to SOFA score in prediction of 28- and 90-day mortality. The clinical usefulness of this score should be validated prospectively. Trial registration: NCT02613000, retrospectively registered 24 November 2015.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe