Interleukin 5 Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is clinically and histologically difficult to differentiate from chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). The common histological feature of these diseases is an infiltration of mononuclear cells into the small airway, interstitial tissue and alveoli. Activation of T cells and secretion of lymphokines play a crucial role in the regulation and coordination of immune responses and inflammatory processes. In this study, we demonstrated the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and their stage of activation and T cellderived cytokine, IL-5 level in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from patients with BOOP and CEP by comparison with sarcoidosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). Flow cytometric analysis of T cell activation markers revealed that BOOP and sarcoidosis are characterized by increased absolute numbers of HLA-DR-bearing T cell subsets, while the relative numbers were increased in CEP and DPB. IL-5 in BAL fluids from BOOP and CEP was significantly high levels, and CEP patients with the high level of IL-5 showed the marked elevation of BAL eosinophils. Furthermor, it is of interest that the absolute numbers of HLA-DR T cells correlated with IL-5 levels in BAL fluid. These results suggest that activated T cells and secretion of IL-5 may be important factors in the pathogenetic processes of BOOP and CEP

Kinetics of Intraparenchymal Mononuclear Cells in A Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin

Bleomycin (BLM), an anti-tumor drug, has been observed to cause interstitial pneumonia followed by subsequent fibrosis. In order to elucidate the cellular mechanism in the fibrotic process, we examined inflammatory cells in the lungs of mice after intratracheal administration of BLM. Microscopic observation of May-Giemsa-stained cells demonstrated that the number of macrophages remained at the basal level as of day 3, then increased and peaked on days 7 to 14, while the number of lymphocytes increased as early as day 1, peaked on day 7, and then gradually decreased. In flow cytometric analysis, the numbers of both B and T cells, including both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, showed a rapid increase after administration of BLM. The T cells were activated, as indicated by the induction of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and the augmented expression on their surface of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which has also been regarded as a T cell activation marker. In addition, marked accumulation of γ δT cells was observed in the lungs of mice treated with BLM, although it has not been elucidated whether these cells were involved in the pathogenesis. These results suggest that the increase of intraparenchymal macrophages and lymphocytes and the activation of T cells are prerequisite for the development of pulmonary fibrosis

Low-Dose and Long-Term 14-Member Macrolide Therapy for Palomoplantar Pustulosis

We investigated the clinical efficacy of low-dose and long-term 14-member macrolide therapy for 33 patients with Palomoplantar Pustulosis (PPP) most of whom showed a poor clinical response to topical corticosteroid and/or photo chemotherapy. After 4-12 weeks treatment with oral erythromycin (EM; 600mg/day) or clarithromycin (CAM ; 200 mg/day) in combination with previously used corticosteroid ointment, clinical evaluation was made on the basis of clinical score. Results are as follows: marked improvement ; 19 patients (57.6%), moderate improvement ; 7 patients, no clinical response ; 7 patients. There was no serious side effect during the observation period. In vitro studies suggest that CAM, a 14-member macrolide, significantly down-regulated IL-8 production by keratinocytes stimulated with combination of IFNﾎｳ and TNFﾎｱ or staphylococcal-superantigen(SEB)and IFNﾎｳ both at protein and mRNA levels. We would like to propose that low-dose and long-term 14-member macrolide therapy is effective and an alternate therapy for PPP with poor response to ordinal dermatological therapy of which mechanism is presumable inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxisis by inhibiting IL-8 production by keratinocytes

Формообразование прецизионных плоских оптических поверхностей при полировании

Regularities of forming surface of the article and wear of working layer of the tool depending on process and kinematical parameters of polishing, coefficients of wear of tool material for existent technological schemes of machining have been reveale. Methods of calculations of production capacity of polishing flat precise of optical articles and filling coefficients of surface of the tool by working layer, which insure its regular wear

Case report: Long-term management of occlusion after surgical-orthodontic treatment for a patient with drug-induced open bite developed after the onset of schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a major mental disorder, with an estimated incidence of 1%. Since they are sensitive to sensory changes, orthodontic treatment to move teeth should be avoided as aggressively as possible in these patients because of strong concerns about the possibility of causing adverse psychological effects, thus there are few reports on orthodontic treatment for schizophrenia patients. We report a case of severe open bite caused by medication after the onset of schizophrenia, even though the patient’s occlusion had been stable for a long time after surgical orthodontic treatment. Medication control and the use of a minimally invasive orthodontic appliance improved the occlusion without adversely affecting the patient’s mental health.CaseA 22-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a chief complaint of an anterior open bite. Intraoral findings showed an overbite (vertical overlap of the incisor teeth) of −3.0 mm and an overjet (horizontal overlap of the incisor teeth) of −0.5 mm. The preoperative orthodontic treatment included bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars. Subsequently, orthognathic surgery was performed to achieve a harmonized skeletal relationship and occlusion. Occlusion was stable for 3 years after surgery. However, 10 years after surgery, the patient returned to the clinic complaining of an anterior open bite (overbite = −4.0 mm). Six years prior to the return, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia. We thought that ignoring the patient’s strong desire to treat her open bite might also cause psychological problems; therefore, in addition to medication control, we treated her using a minimally invasive removable orthodontic appliance (retainer with tongue crib). Her anterior open bite improved (overbite, +1.0 mm) to within the normal range.ConclusionIn this case, medication control was thought to be essential to improve her drug-induced open bite. However, minimally invasive orthodontic treatment, such as the use of a removable appliance, might be helpful in promoting her mental stability as well as for improving occlusion. Careful support is required to obtain information about the patient’s mental state and medications through close cooperation with psychiatrists

Diagnostic utility of C-reactive Protein combined with brain natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary edema: a cross sectional study

Introduction Discriminating acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) using the plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) alone remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of combination measurements of BNP and C-reactive protein (CRP) in critically ill patients with pulmonary edema

Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Induced by Minocycline

We report a case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) caused by minocycline (MINO). A 59- year-old man visited to our hospital because of flu-like symptoms. He had been treated with MINO for a few weeks for the skin eruption. The chest radiograph showed consolidations in both lung fields. He was admitted to our hospital for further examination. An elevation of lymphocyte percentage was seen in his bronchoalveolar lavage and a diagnosis of BOOP was confirmed by video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy. The symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings gradually improved without steroid therapy. Although the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) of peripheral blood for MINO was negative, a positive oral provocation test confirmed the role of MINO in the induction of BOOP

Respiratory Bronchiolitis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease

We report a case of respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD). A 57-year-old man with a 74-pack-year smoking history, had cough, stridor, yellow purulent sputum and general fatigue for several days. The symptoms almost improved after treatment. However, chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse centrilobular ground glass opacities although the chest X-ray film showed no obvious opacities. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed relative lymphocytosis. Examination of lung biopsy obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopy allowed the diagnosis of RBILD. The opacities on the CT scan were improved spontaneously without any treatment after cessation of smoking

Juvenile Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia. and Review of Literature

We describe a case of juvenile idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). This is the first report of a Japanese patient with idiopathic NSIP aged 27 years. A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed groundglass opacities and reticular opacities in subpleural distribution. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed no specific finding except for decreased CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocyte subset. Histopathological features on examination of thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimens were consistent with those of NSIP group III. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but no clinical improvement was noted and the general condition has gradually worsened. Although the prognosis is generally considered to be good in patients with NSIP, some patients die as a result of progression of the disease. The prediction of prognosis based on histopathological, radiologic, and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings in NSIP seems to be difficult at present