Negative feedback by IRE1β optimizes mucin production in goblet cells

In mammals, the prototypical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) has diverged into two paralogs. IRE1α is broadly expressed and mediates the unconventional splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA during ER stress. By contrast, IRE1β is expressed selectively in the digestive tract, and its function remains unclear. Here, we report that IRE1β plays a distinctive role in mucin-secreting goblet cells. In IRE1β-/- mice, aberrant mucin 2 (MUC2) accumulated in the ER of goblet cells, accompanied by ER distension and elevated ER stress signaling such as increased XBP1 mRNA splicing. In contrast, conditional IRE1α-/- mice showed no such ER distension but a marked decrease in spliced XBP1 mRNA. mRNA stability assay revealed that MUC2 mRNA was greatly stabilized in IRE1β-/- mice. These findings suggest that in goblet cells, IRE1β, but not IRE1α, promotes efficient protein folding and secretion in the ER by optimizing the level of mRNA encoding their major secretory product, MUC2

Meso-scale auroral dynamics revealed from DMSP/Operatioinal Linescan System(OLS) data received at Syowa station, Antarctica

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域宙空圏シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 セミナー室

Long-term spectral observations of aurora and airglow in Longyearbyen, Svalbard

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OS] 宙空圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

ナンキョク シュウカイ キキュウ ニヨル ELF/VLF ホウシャ ノ カンソク

2003年1月,第44次南極観測隊により昭和基地からオーロラ現象を総合的に観測するための南極周回気球が放球された.同一観測機構成の2機の気球は南極大陸を半周する編隊飛行を行い,オーロラ現象の時間と空間変動を分離した観測を行うことを試みた.ここでは同気球に搭載されたELF/VLF帯電磁波動観測機の仕様, 実験経過, 初期観測結果について報告する.Circum-Antarctic balloons were launched from Syowa Station by the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Experiment team in January 2003. Two balloons equipped with identical instruments were flown in formation around the Antarctic continent, in an attempt to separate temporal and spatial variations of the auroral phenomena. In this paper, we report instrument design, operation and some initial results of the ELF/VLF wave experiment by PPB No. 8 and 10 balloons