Feedbacks in Non-equilibrium Oxidative Plasma Reacting with Polyethylene

The experimental results on studies of loading effect at the action of a glow DC discharge in oxygen and air on polyethylene film are presented. At the increase in a polymer amount under a treatment the specific rates of etching and CO2, CO, H2O, H2 product formation rates are decreased. The gas temperature is changed slightly. The reduced electric field strength is increased in oxygen plasma and decreased in air plasma

Lignite coal burning seam in the remote Altai Mountains harbors a hydrogen-driven thermophilic microbial community

Thermal ecosystems associated with underground coal combustion sites are rare and less studied than geothermal features. Here we analysed microbial communities of near-surface ground layer and bituminous substance in an open quarry heated by subsurface coal fire by metagenomic DNA sequencing. Taxonomic classification revealed dominance of only a few groups of Firmicutes. Near-complete genomes of three most abundant species, ‘Candidatus Carbobacillus altaicus’ AL32, Brockia lithotrophica AL31, and Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii AL33, were assembled. According to the genomic data, Ca. Carbobacillus altaicus AL32 is an aerobic heterotroph, while B. lithotrophica AL31 is a chemolithotrophic anaerobe assimilating CO2 via the Calvin cycle. H. schlegelii AL33 is an aerobe capable of both growth on organic compounds and carrying out CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. Phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit of RuBisCO of B. lithotrophica AL31 and H. schlegelii AL33 showed that it belongs to the type 1-E. All three Firmicutes species can gain energy from aerobic or anaerobic oxidation of molecular hydrogen, produced as a result of underground coal combustion along with other coal gases. We propose that thermophilic Firmicutes, whose spores can spread from their original geothermal habitats over long distances, are the first colonizers of this recently formed thermal ecosystem

Genome sequence of the copper resistant and acid-tolerant Desulfosporosinus sp. BG isolated from the tailings of a molybdenum-tungsten mine in the Transbaikal area

Here, we report on the draft genome of a copper-resistant and acidophilic Desulfosporosinus sp. BG, isolated from the tailings of a molybdenum-tungsten mine in Transbaikal area. The draft genome has a size of 4.52 Mb and encodes transporters of heavy metals. The phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated ribosomal proteins revealed that strain BG clusters together with the other acidophilic copper-resistant strains Desulfosporosinus sp. OT and Desulfosporosinus sp. I2. The K+-ATPase, Na+/H+ antiporter and amino acid decarboxylases may participate in enabling growth at low pH. The draft genome sequence and annotation have been deposited at GenBank under the accession number NZ_MASS00000000

Genome sequence of the acid-tolerant Desulfovibrio sp. DV isolated from the sediments of a Pb-Zn mine tailings dam in the Chita region, Russia

Here we report the draft genome sequence of the acid-tolerant Desulfovibrio sp. DV isolated from the sediments of a Pb-Zn mine tailings dam in the Chita region, Russia. The draft genome has a size of 4.9 Mb and encodes multiple K+-transporters and proton-consuming decarboxylases. The phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated ribosomal proteins revealed that strain DV clusters together with the acid-tolerant Desulfovibrio sp. TomC and Desulfovibrio magneticus. The draft genome sequence and annotation have been deposited at GenBank under the accession number MLBG00000000

Genome sequence and analysis of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL1

Ravin NV, Eldarov MA, Kadnikov VV, et al. Genome sequence and analysis of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL1. BMC Genomics. 2013;14(1): 837.Background: Hansenula polymorpha DL1 is a methylotrophic yeast, widely used in fundamental studies of methanol metabolism, peroxisome biogenesis and function, and also as a microbial cell factory for production of recombinant proteins and metabolic engineering towards the goal of high temperature ethanol production. Results: We have sequenced the 9 Mbp H. polymorpha DL1 genome and performed whole genome analysis for the H. polymorpha transcriptome obtained from both methanol- and glucose-grown cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed the complex and dynamic character of the H. polymorpha transcriptome under the two studied conditions, identified abundant and highly unregulated expression of 40% of the genome in methanol grown cells, and revealed alternative splicing events. We have identified subtelomerically biased protein families in H. polymorpha, clusters of LTR elements at G + C-poor chromosomal loci in the middle of each of the seven H. polymorpha chromosomes, and established the evolutionary position of H. polymorpha DL1 within a separate yeast clade together with the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and the non-methylotrophic yeast Dekkera bruxellensis. Intergenome comparisons uncovered extensive gene order reshuffling between the three yeast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses enabled us to reveal patterns of evolution of methylotrophy in yeasts and filamentous fungi. Conclusions: Our results open new opportunities for in-depth understanding of many aspects of H. polymorpha life cycle, physiology and metabolism as well as genome evolution in methylotrophic yeasts and may lead to novel improvements toward the application of H. polymorpha DL-1 as a microbial cell factory

Метаболит афобазола М-11 ингибирует хинон-редуктазу-2

Resume. Objective. Inhibition of quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) is a perspective target to achieve neuroprotective effect. Anxiolytic drug afobazole (5-Ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihidrochloride) and its main metabolite M-11 (2-[2-(3-oxomorpholin-4-il)-ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole hydrochloride) can interact with melatonin dependent regulatory site of NQO2. Previously we have figured that afobazole inhibits NQO2. However, the role of interaction between M-11 and NQO2 is unclear. Aim. To study the effect of M-11 on activity of NQO2. Methods. The influence of M-11 on activity of human recombinant NQO2 (hNQO2) was measured utilizing fluorescent spectroscopy. Results. M-11 inhibits hNQO2 in concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mM, decreasing enzymatic reaction velocity on 12 and 24 % respectively. In same concentrations, M-11 is inferior to afobazole. Conclusion. Compound M-11 inhibits NQO2 and can be used to study pharmacological effects of afobazole caused by interaction with regulatory site of enzyme.Актуальность. Ингибирование хинон-редуктазы-2 (NQO2) является перспективным для достижения нейропротекторного действия. Анксиолитик афобазол (5-этокси-2-[2-(морфолино)-этилтио] бензимидазола дигидрохлорид) и его метаболит М-11 (2-[2-(3-оксоморфолин-4-ил)-этилтио]-5-этоксибензимидазола гидрохлорид) взаимодействуют с регуляторным мелатонин-зависимым сайтом NQO2. Ранее нами показано, что афобазол ингибирует фермент. Влияние М-11 на NQO2 не изучено. Цель. Изучить действие метаболита афобазола М-11 на активность NQO2. Методы. Влияние М-11 на активность человеческого рекомбинантного фермента хинон-редуктаза-2 (hNQO2) исследовали методом флуоресцентной спектроскопии. Результаты. Установлено, что М-11 ингибирует hNQO2 в концентрациях 0,5 и 1,0 мМ, снижая скорость реакции на 12 и 24 % соответственно. В этих же концентрациях соединение М-11 уступает действию афобазола. Заключение. Соединение М-11 ингибирует NQO2 и может использоваться для изучения фармакологических эффектов афобазола, обусловленных взаимодействием с регуляторным сайтом фермента

Characteristics of the platelet link of hemostasis system in patients with myocardial infarction and new coronavirus disease

The aim of the study - to evaluate the features of platelet hemostasis in patients with myocardial infarction associated with COVID-19 at the time of hospitalizationЦель исследования - оценить особенности тромбоцитарного звена гемостаза у пациентов с острым инфарктом миокарда, развившимся на фоне COVID-19 на момент госпитализаци

Афобазол предотвращает нарушения двигательной активности мышей при моделировании болезни паркинсона 6-гидроксидофамином

Resume. Objective. Current insufficiency in treatment of Parkinson’s disease determines the search for new pharmacological targets to achieve neuroprotection and reduce the severity of motor impairment. It is known that ligand activation of chaperone sigma-1 (SigmaR1) and inhibition of quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) cause cytoprotection. Anxiolytic drug afobazole (5-Ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihidrochloride) interacts with SigmaR1 and regulatory site of NQO2, inhibiting it. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated neuroprotective effect of afobazole. However, the effect of afobazole on motor deficit and motion coordination in model of Parkinson’s disease was not studied. Aim. To study the influence of afobazole on latency to fall in rotarod test in mice with induced 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinsonism. Methods. Male CD-1 (ICR) mice were tested at accelerated and constant speed rotarod. Afobazole was administered during 14 days (2.5 mg/kg, ip) at course start 30 minutes after unilateral intrastriatal injection of 5 |xg 6-OHDA. Results. Chronic administration of afobazole (2.5 mg/kg) to hemiparkinsonian mice increases their latency to fall 3.9 fold contrary to placebo treated mice in constant speed rotarod. Afobazole negates 6-OHDA in accelerating rotarod increasing latency to fall 1.6 fold as compared to placebo group. Conclusion. Afobazole prevents motor function impairment in hemiparkinsonian mice with 6-OHDA lesion in rotarod test. Observed effect of afobazole can be a result of it neuroprotective properties derived from SigmaR1 and NQO2 interaction.Актуальность. Недостаточная эффективность терапии болезни Паркинсона обусловливает поиск новых фармакологических мишеней для достижения нейропротекторного действия и уменьшения выраженности моторных нарушений. Известно, что лигандная активация шаперона sigma-1 (SigmaR1) и ингибирование хинон-редуктазы-2 (NQO2) оказывают защитное влияние на клетки. Анксиолитик афобазол (5-этокси-2-[2-(морфолино)-этилтио] бензимидазола дигидрохлорид) взаимодействует с SigmaR1 и регуляторным сайтом NQO2, ингибируя фермент. Афобазол обладает нейропротекторной активностью в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo, однако комплексного изучения влияния препарата на координацию движений и уровень моторного дефицита при моделировании болезни Паркинсона не проводилось. Цель. Изучить влияние афобазола на время удерживания мышей в тесте «вращающийся стержень» при моделировании болезни Паркинсона введением 6 гидроксидофамина (6-OHDA). Методы. Исследовали поведение мышей самцов CD-1 (ICR) в тесте «вращающийся стержень» при постоянной и возрастающей скоростях вращения. Афобазол вводили в дозе 2,5 мг/кг в/б в течение 14 суток с началом курса через 30 мин после унилатерального интрастриатного введения 5 мкг 6-OHDA. Результаты. Хроническое введение афобазола увеличивает время удерживания опытных животных в 3,9 раза при тестировании на стержне с постоянной скоростью вращения по сравнению с группой плацебо. Афобазол нивелирует действие 6-OHDA при тестировании на стержне с возрастающей скоростью вращения, увеличивая время удерживания опытных животных в 1,6 раза по сравнению с группой плацебо. Заключение. Афобазол предотвращает нарушения поведения мышей в тесте «вращающийся стержень» при моделировании болезни Паркинсона 6-OHDA. Выявленный эффект афобазола может быть следствием его нейропротекторных свойств, обусловленных воздействием на SigmaR1 и NQO2

Anticoagulant therapy features analysis in atrial fibrillation outpatients and inpatients

The article considers atrial fibrillation anticoagulant therapy validity, effectiveness and safety in Yekaterinburg clinics’ non-valve inpatients and outpatients.В статье рассмотрены обоснованность, эффективность и безопасность антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий в стационарных и амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждениях г. Екатеринбурга

The low-temperature germinating spores of the thermophilic Desulfofundulus contribute to an extremely high sulfate reduction in burning coal seams

Burning coal seams, characterized by massive carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, the presence of secondary sulfates, and high temperatures, represent suitable environments for thermophilic sulfate reduction. The diversity and activity of dissimilatory sulfate reducers in these environments remain unexplored. In this study, using metagenomic approaches, in situ activity measurements with a radioactive tracer, and cultivation we have shown that members of the genus Desulfofundulus are responsible for the extremely high sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in burning lignite seams in the Altai Mountains. The maximum SRR reached 564 ± 21.9 nmol S cm−3 day−1 at 60°C and was of the same order of magnitude for both thermophilic (60°C) and mesophilic (23°C) incubations. The 16S rRNA profiles and the search for dsr gene sequences in the metagenome revealed members of the genus Desulfofundulus as the main sulfate reducers. The thermophilic Desulfofundulus sp. strain Al36 isolated in pure culture, did not grow at temperatures below 50°C, but produced spores that germinated into metabolically active cells at 20 and 15°C. Vegetative cells germinating from spores produced up to 0.738 ± 0.026 mM H2S at 20°C and up to 0.629 ± 0.007 mM H2S at 15°C when CO was used as the sole electron donor. The Al36 strain maintains significant production of H2S from sulfate over a wide temperature range from 15°C to 65°C, which is important in variable temperature biotopes such as lignite burning seams. Burning coal seams producing CO are ubiquitous throughout the world, and biogenic H2S may represent an overlooked significant flux to the atmosphere. The thermophilic spore outgrowth and their metabolic activity at temperatures below the growth minimum may be important for other spore-forming bacteria of environmental, industrial and clinical importance