Two-proton radioactivity and three-body decay. IV. Connection to quasiclassical formulation

We derive quasiclassical expressions for the three-body decay width and define the ``preexponential'' coefficients for them. The derivation is based on the integral formulae for the three-body width obtained in the semianalytical approach with simplified three-body Hamiltonian [L.V. Grigorenko and M.V.\ Zhukov, arXiv:0704.0920v1]. The model is applied to the decays of the first excited $3/2^{-}$ state of $^{17}$Ne and $3/2^{-}$ ground state of $^{45}$Fe. Various qualitative aspects of the model and relations with the other simplified approaches to the three-body decays are discussed.Comment: 9 Pages, 2 figure

Two-proton radioactivity and three-body decay. III. Integral formulae for decay widths in a simplified semianalytical approach

Three-body decays of resonant states are studied using integral formulae for decay widths. Theoretical approach with a simplified Hamiltonian allows semianalytical treatment of the problem. The model is applied to decays of the first excited $3/2^{-}$ state of $^{17}$Ne and the $3/2^{-}$ ground state of $^{45}$Fe. The convergence of three-body hyperspherical model calculations to the exact result for widths and energy distributions are studied. The theoretical results for $^{17}$Ne and $^{45}$Fe decays are updated and uncertainties of the derived values are discussed in detail. Correlations for the decay of $^{17}$Ne $3/2^-$ state are also studied.Comment: 19 pages, 20 figure

Evidence for the pair-breaking process in 116,117Sn

The nuclear level densities of 116,117Sn below the neutron separation energy have been determined experimentally from the (3He,alpha gamma) and (3He,3He gamma') reactions, respectively. The level densities show a characteristic exponential increase and a difference in magnitude due to the odd-even effect of the nuclear systems. In addition, the level densities display pronounced step-like structures that are interpreted as signatures of subsequent breaking of nucleon pairs.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C, 22 December 200

Nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions in 44,45Sc

The scandium isotopes 44,45Sc have been studied with the 45Sc(3He,alpha gamma)44Sc and 45Sc(3He,3He' gamma)45Sc reactions, respectively. The nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions have been extracted using the Oslo method. The experimental level densities are compared to calculated level densities obtained from a microscopic model based on BCS quasiparticles within the Nilsson level scheme. This model also gives information about the parity distribution and the number of broken Cooper pairs as a function of excitation energy. The experimental gamma-ray strength functions are compared to theoretical models of the E1, M1, and E2 strength, and to data from (gamma,n) and (gamma,p) experiments. The strength functions show an enhancement at low gamma energies that cannot be explained by the present, standard models.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures. Published versio

Microcanonical entropies and radiative strength functions of 50,51^{50,51}V

The level densities and radiative strength functions (RSFs) of $^{50,51}$V have been extracted using the ($^3$He,$\alpha \gamma$) and ($^3$He,$^3$He$^{\prime} \gamma$) reactions, respectively. From the level densities, microcanonical entropies are deduced. The high $\gamma$-energy part of the RSF is described by the giant electric dipole resonance. A significant enhancement over the predicted strength in the region of $E_{\gamma} \lesssim 3$ MeV is seen, which at present has no theoretical explanation.Comment: 16 pages including 9 figure

Level density of 56^{56}Fe and low-energy enhancement of γ\gamma-strength function

The $^{55}$Mn$(d,n)^{56}$Fe differential cross section is measured at $E_d=7$ MeV\@. The $^{56}$Fe level density obtained from neutron evaporation spectra is compared to the level density extracted from the $^{57}$Fe$(^3$He,$\alpha\gamma)^{56}$Fe reaction by the Oslo-type technique. Good agreement is found between the level densities determined by the two methods. With the level density function obtained from the neutron evaporation spectra, the $^{56}$Fe $\gamma$-strength function is also determined from the first-generation $\gamma$ matrix of the Oslo experiment. The good agreement between the past and present results for the $\gamma$-strength function supports the validity of both methods and is consistent with the low-energy enhancement of the $\gamma$ strength below $\sim 4$ MeV first discovered by the Oslo method in iron and molybdenum isotopes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Proton Decay from Excited States in Spherical Nuclei

Based on a single particle model which describes the time evolution of the wave function during tunneling across a one dimensional potential barrier we study the proton decay of $^{208}$Pb from excited states with non-vanishing angular momentum $\ell$. Several quantities of interest in this process like the decay rate $\lambda$, the period of oscillation $T_{osc}$, the transient time $t_{tr}$, the tunneling time $t_{tun}$ and the average value of the proton packet position $r_{av}$ are computed and compared with the WKB results.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Alpha-nucleus potential for alpha-decay and sub-barrier fusion

The set of parameters for alpha-nucleus potential is derived by using the data for both the alpha-decay half-lives and the fusion cross-sections around the barrier for reactions alpha+40Ca, alpha+59Co, alpha+208Pb. The alpha-decay half-lives are obtained in the framework of a cluster model using the WKB approximation. The evaluated alpha-decay half-lives and the fusion cross-sections agreed well with the data. Fusion reactions between alpha-particle and heavy nuclei can be used for both the formation of very heavy nuclei and spectroscopic studies of the formed compound nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Self-consistent symmetries in the proton-neutron Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach

Symmetry properties of densities and mean fields appearing in the nuclear Density Functional Theory with pairing are studied. We consider energy functionals that depend only on local densities and their derivatives. The most important self-consistent symmetries are discussed: spherical, axial, space-inversion, and mirror symmetries. In each case, the consequences of breaking or conserving the time-reversal and/or proton-neutron symmetries are discussed and summarized in a tabulated form, useful in practical applications.Comment: 26 RevTex pages, 1 eps figure, 9 tables, submitted to Physical Review

Instantaneous Shape Sampling - a model for the γ\gamma-absorption cross section of transitional nuclei

The influence of the quadrupole shape fluctuations on the dipole vibrations in transitional nuclei is investigated in the framework of the Instantaneous Shape Sampling Model, which combines the Interacting Boson Model for the slow collective quadrupole motion with the Random Phase Approximation for the rapid dipole vibrations. Coupling to the complex background configurations is taken into account by folding the results with a Lorentzian with an energy dependent width. The low-energy energy portion of the $\gamma$- absorption cross section, which is important for photo-nuclear processes, is studied for the isotopic series of Kr, Xe, Ba, and Sm. The experimental cross sections are well reproduced. The low-energy cross section is determined by the Landau fragmentation of the dipole strength and its redistribution caused by the shape fluctuations. Collisional damping only wipes out fluctuations of the absorption cross section, generating the smooth energy dependence observed in experiment. In the case of semi-magic nuclei, shallow pygmy resonances are found in agreement with experiment