Цели и задачи «эффективного контракта »: идеология и проблемы внедрения

Introduction of an effective contract exceeded the framework of a «concrete labor contract». It relates to a wide bredth of questions, such as how to increase salaries, at the cost of which resources, is it possible to cut renumeration within an effective contract and so on and so forth.Consequently, this gave birth to a lot of myths and wrong thinking around different aspects of an effective contract. This article is dedicated to the analysis of these wrong perceptions (myths).Введение эффективного контракта далеко перешагнуло за пределы «конкретизированного трудового договора». Оно касается широкого круга вопросов: как повышать заработную плату, за счет каких источников, каждого ли работника это касается и т. д., и т. п. Соответственно, родилось и немало ошибочных мнений, мифов, связанных с различными аспектами эффективного контракта. Идеологии и практике применения эффективного контракта посвящена данная статья

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b Carriage, Central Asia

A study of children was conducted in 3 Central Asian Republics. Approximately half of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were serotypes included in available vaccine formulations. Approximately 6% of children carried Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Using pneumococcal and Hib conjugate vaccines may decrease illness in the Central Asian Republics

Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.publishedVersio

Goals and objectives of the «effective contract»: ideology and problems of implementation

Introduction of an effective contract exceeded the framework of a «concrete labor contract». It relates to a wide bredth of questions, such as how to increase salaries, at the cost of which resources, is it possible to cut renumeration within an effective contract and so on and so forth.Consequently, this gave birth to a lot of myths and wrong thinking around different aspects of an effective contract. This article is dedicated to the analysis of these wrong perceptions (myths)

Determination of the Crustal and Thermal Structure of the Erzurum-Horasan-Pasinler Basins (Eastern Türkiye) Using Gravity and Magnetic Data

The Erzurum-Horasan-Pasinler basin, which surrounds Miocene rocks, is oriented approximately E–W and is located in Eastern Anatolia (Türkiye). East Anatolia, where ophiolitic and young volcanic rocks are widespread, is situated in the Alpine–Himalayan fold-thrust fault belt. The NW–SE trending North Anatolian Transform Fault Zone and the NE–SW trending East Anatolian Transform Fault Zone, formed by the compressional regime of East Anatolia, control the main tectonics of the study region. While the Moho and Conrad depths of the study region are 43.0 and 20.9 km, respectively, the average sedimentary thickness has been determined to be 5.2 km by using the power spectrum method. On the other hand, it is found that the depth of the Moho in the region varies from 41.0 to 44.5 km and the depth of the Conrad discontinuity varies between 22 and 26 km, as computed using empirical equations. The basement of the sedimentary layer is calculated to be 6 km by using inversion results applied to the residual gravity data. The Curie point depth and average heat flow value in this region are calculated as 18.0 km and 89.1 m Wm−2, respectively. Geotherm calculations reveal that the Moho temperature is 1,028.0 °C based on the crustal model. The high heat flow values obtained are attributed to tectonic activities and melting of the lithospheric mantle caused by upwelling of the asthenosphere. © 2014, Springer Basel

Diverse Deformation Mechanisms and Lithologic Controls in an Active Orogenic Wedge: Structural Geology and Thermochronometry of the Eastern Greater Caucasus

Orogenic wedges are common at convergent plate margins and deform internally to maintain a self-similar geometry during growth. New structural mapping and thermochronometry data illustrate that the eastern Greater Caucasus mountain range of western Asia undergoes deformation via distinct mechanisms that correspond with contrasting lithologies of two sedimentary rock packages within the orogen. The orogen interior comprises a package of Mesozoic thin-bedded (<10 cm) sandstones and shales. These strata are deformed throughout by short-wavelength (<1 km) folds that are not fault-bend or fault-propagation folds. In contrast, a coeval package of thick-bedded (up to 5 m) volcaniclastic sandstone and carbonate, known as the Vandam Zone, has been accreted and is deformed via imbrication of coherent thrust sheets forming fault-related folds of 5–10 km wavelength. Structural reconstructions and thermochronometric data indicate that the Vandam Zone package was accreted between ca. 13  and 3 Ma. Following Vandam Zone accretion, thermal modeling of thermochronometric data indicates rapid exhumation (∼0.3–1 mm/yr) in the wedge interior beginning between ca. 6 and 3 Ma, and a novel thermochronometric paleo-rotation analysis suggests out-of-sequence folding of wedge-interior strata after ca. 3 Ma. Field relationships suggest that the Vandam Zone underwent syn-convergent extension following accretion. Together, the data record spatially and temporally variable deformation, dependent on both the mechanical properties of deforming lithologies and perturbations such as accretion of material from the down-going to the overriding plate. The diverse modes of deformation are consistent with the maintenance of critical taper.Plain Language SummaryIn tectonically active mountain belts, the crust deforms internally to maintain a characteristic wedge geometry during growth. Such deformation is accommodated by a variety of mechanisms including faulting, folding, and dissolution of rock. New structural and thermochronometric data from the eastern Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan characterize the influence of mechanical properties of deforming rock on the modes of active deformation. The eastern Greater Caucasus contains two major sedimentary rock packages with distinct lithologic properties that have been deformed via different mechanisms. The orogen interior consists of thin sandstone and shale beds deformed primarily by short-wavelength folding. A package of thick-bedded volcaniclastic sediment known as the Vandam Zone is deformed via slip of coherent thrust sheets. The contrasting modes of deformation that have affected these rock packages confirm the influence of lithologic properties on deformation processes and mountain belt structure. Thermochronometric data record the propagation of deformation into the Vandam Zone strata as well as subsequent deformation and accelerated exhumation within the mountain belt interior. The spatiotemporal distribution of deformation functioned to maintain the tapering wedge geometry of the deforming crust.Key PointsPervasive folding in shale-rich orogen interior differs from typical fold-thrust system in thick-bedded accreted strata of the Vandam ZoneAtypical negative thermochronometric age-elevation relationships explained as a product of fold limb rotation using novel modeling methodThermochronometric evidence for out-of-sequence deformation in orogen interior after Vandam Zone accretion, maintaining critical taperPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/175491/1/tect21809.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/175491/2/tect21809_am.pd

Complexes of Sodium Pectate with Nickel for Hydrogen Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A number of nickel complexes of sodium pectate with varied Ni2+ content have been synthesized and characterized. The presence of the proton conductivity, the possibility of the formation of a dense spatial network of transition metals in these coordination biopolymers, and the immobilization of transition ions in the catalytic sites of this class of compounds make them promising for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. It has been established that the catalytic system composed of a coordination biopolymer with 20% substitution of sodium ions for divalent nickel ions, Ni (20%)-NaPG, is the leading catalyst in the series of 5, 15, 20, 25, 35% substituted pectates. Among the possible reasons for the improvement in performance the larger specific surface area of this sample compared to the other studied materials and the narrowest distribution of the vertical size of metal arrays were registered. The highest activity during CV and proximity to four-electron transfer during the catalytic cycle have also been observed for this compound