5 research outputs found
A klĂmaváltozás várhatĂł hatása a szĂşnyogok Ă©s a lepkeszĂşnyogok, valamint az általuk terjesztett betegsĂ©gek jövĹ‘beli elterjedĂ©sĂ©re
A klĂmaváltozásnak az emberi egĂ©szsĂ©gre gyakorolt várhatĂł hatásai közĂĽl kiemelkedik az ĂzeltlábĂşak által terjesztett fertĹ‘zĹ‘ betegsĂ©gek tĂ©maköre. Nagyon valĂłszĂnű, hogy a szĂşnyogok Ă©s rokonaik, a lepkeszĂşnyogok által terjesztett betegsĂ©gek rĂ©szaránya a fertĹ‘zĹ‘ betegsĂ©gek között a jövĹ‘ben nagyobb jelentĹ‘sĂ©gre fog szert tenni. Az okok szerteágazĂłak; a klĂmaváltozás, a városi hĹ‘sziget-effektus a turizmus Ă©s a távolsági kereskedelem egyĂĽttesen teszik lehetĹ‘vĂ© Ă©s gyorsĂtják fel e betegsĂ©gek Ă©s terjesztĹ‘ik tĂ©rhĂłdĂtását az Ă©szaki fĂ©lteke ma mĂ©g mĂ©rsĂ©kelt övinek mondott terĂĽletein, Ăgy Magyarországon is. Mivel ezek a problĂ©mák már a gyakorlatban is Ă©rinteni fogják a most felnövekvĹ‘ generáciĂłt, ezĂ©rt e cikk szerzĹ‘i kiemelten fontosnak tartják, hogy a tanárok ismereteket bocsássanak a diákok rendelkezĂ©sĂ©re, segĂtve a felnĹ‘ttĂ© válĂł gyermekek adaptáciĂłját Ă©s a várhatĂł következmĂ©nyek enyhĂtĂ©sĂ©t
A klĂmaváltozás várhatĂł hatása a szĂşnyogok Ă©s a lepkeszĂşnyogok, valamint az általuk terjesztett betegsĂ©gek jövĹ‘beli elterjedĂ©sĂ©re
A klĂmaváltozásnak az emberi egĂ©szsĂ©gre gyakorolt várhatĂł hatásai közĂĽl kiemelkedik az ĂzeltlábĂşak által terjesztett fertĹ‘zĹ‘ betegsĂ©gek tĂ©maköre. Nagyon valĂłszĂnű, hogy a szĂşnyogok Ă©s rokonaik, a lepkeszĂşnyogok által terjesztett betegsĂ©gek rĂ©szaránya a fertĹ‘zĹ‘ betegsĂ©gek között a jövĹ‘ben nagyobb jelentĹ‘sĂ©gre fog szert tenni. Az okok szerteágazĂłak; a klĂmaváltozás, a városi hĹ‘sziget-effektus a turizmus Ă©s a távolsági kereskedelem egyĂĽttesen teszik lehetĹ‘vĂ© Ă©s gyorsĂtják fel e betegsĂ©gek Ă©s terjesztĹ‘ik tĂ©rhĂłdĂtását az Ă©szaki fĂ©lteke ma mĂ©g mĂ©rsĂ©kelt övinek mondott terĂĽletein, Ăgy Magyarországon is. Mivel ezek a problĂ©mák már a gyakorlatban is Ă©rinteni fogják a most felnövekvĹ‘ generáciĂłt, ezĂ©rt e cikk szerzĹ‘i kiemelten fontosnak tartják, hogy a tanárok ismereteket bocsássanak a diákok rendelkezĂ©sĂ©re, segĂtve a felnĹ‘ttĂ© válĂł gyermekek adaptáciĂłját Ă©s a várhatĂł következmĂ©nyek enyhĂtĂ©sĂ©t
Mi törtĂ©nik a vĂzbe hullĂł avarral?
Az Ă©venkĂ©nti lombhullás biztosĂtja az erdei patakok kĂĽlsĹ‘ szervesanyag-igĂ©nyĂ©t, mely fontos energiaforrás a kisvĂzfolyásokban. A behullĂł avar mennyisĂ©ge jelentĹ‘sen eltĂ©rhet attĂłl fĂĽggĹ‘en, hogy milyen a patak menti növĂ©nyzet. A lehullĂł növĂ©nyi rĂ©szek legnagyobb rĂ©szĂ©t a levelek teszik ki, ezĂ©rt az avarlebomlás fontos rĂ©sze az ökoszisztĂ©ma1 összefĂĽggĂ©seinek. A folyamat vizsgálata segĂt a biodiverzitás2 megismerĂ©sĂ©ben. A biolĂłgiai sokfĂ©lesĂ©g3 napjainkban csökken, melynek okai lehetnek az erĹ‘s emberi behatás, valamint a klĂmaváltozás, mely a kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ ökoszisztĂ©mákat Ă©ri. Erdei patakokban Ă©s az egyĂ©b vizes Ă©lĹ‘helyeken az avar lebomlása központi folyamat, melynek lefolyása fĂĽgg a biolĂłgiai sokfĂ©lesĂ©gtĹ‘l. ĂŤgy az avarlebomlás folyamatának vizsgálata fontos informáciĂłkat szolgáltathat számunkra az adott vĂztest állapotárĂłl
Csoportosan tartott anyanyulak helyválasztása és viselkedése közös teret és egyedi ketrecrészeket tartalmazó fülkében (Előzetes eredmény) = Location and behaviour of group housed rabbit does in pens included common area and individual cages (preliminary result)
The aim of the experiment was to test a special group housing system, examination of location, aggressive and
sexual behaviour of rabbit does in pens which include individual cages and common area. The experiment was
conducted at Kaposvár University with non-pregnant Pannon White rabbit does (n=44). The temperature was 15-
18 ÂşC, and 16-hour daily lighting was applied in the room. The rabbit does consumed commercial pellet ad
libitum and water was available from nipple drinkers. The 1.83 x 2.00 m open top pen contained four individual
cages (0.5 x 0.91 m) which were connected to the 1.83 x 1.00 m common area throughout a 0.25 long and 0.20
wide lockable corridor. The hole size and thickness of wire-mesh floor were 10.7 x 49.6 mm and 2.5 mm,
respectively. The rabbit does were randomly divided into three groups. The groups differed only in that the wire
net walls of the individual cages were solid or not solid with plastic slat. Pen with solid walls (Solid Pen, SP,
n=16); pen with not solid walls (No Solid Pen, NoSP, n=12) and pen with partly solid and partly not solid walls
(Mixed Pen, MP, n=16). At the beginning of the experiment the does were placed in the closed cages (4
does/pen), individually for 3 days, to get used to their own cages. After the adaptation period the doors of the
cages were opened to allow the does move freely. The experiment lasted for 14 days. 24-h video recordings were
made on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after opening the doors. Location of rabbits was registered at every 15 min. The
behavioural patterns (fighting, chasing and ,,mating attempts”) were observed continuously. The injuries were
registered on days 2, 4, 8 and 14. Especially on day 1 rabbit does preferred to stay alone than together (SP:
73.8%; NoSP: 65.4%; MP: 79.5%).View of the whole experimental period the rabbit does located alone more
frequently than together (NoSP: 53.0%; MP: 66.5%) except in SP (46.0). Majority of does preferred to stay in
the individual cages than the common area in NoSP and MP (65.9% and 71.5%, respectively). In SP the does
located less in the individual cages (47.2%). Rabbit does preferred their own individual cages: except for SP on
day 7, 13 (17.1% and 19.6%), where more rabbit does located in their own cages than the expected probability
(25%) on all days (total experimental period: SP: 27.8; NoSP: 31.1; MP: 37.6). Frequency of all examined
behavioural patterns (fighting, chasing, ,,mating attempts”) were the highest on day 1 (SP: 118, 323, 262; NoSP:
48, 179, 179; MP: 121, 128, 148). The less fighting occurred in NoSP where does were able to see each other so
they may keep of the aggressive contacts. The frequency of mating attempts was high until the end of the
experiment. High frequencies of injured rabbits were observed in the whole experimental period (SP: 37.5%;
NoSP: 16.7%; MP: 50%). Based on our result we can concluded that the main problems (aggressiveness,
injuries) of group housing of does have not been solved with this system.
Keywords: rabbit does, group housing, location, aggressive behaviour, sexual behaviou
Egyedi elhelyezéssel kombinált csoportos tartás hatása az anyanyulak termelésére, helyválasztására és viselkedésére = Location preference, behaviour and performance of rabbit does in a pen system of combination of group and individual housing
The aim of the experiment was to test a special pen system of combination of group and individual housing,
examination of production and preference of rabbit does. The experiment was conducted at Kaposvár University
with pregnant and lactating Pannon White rabbit does (n=48). The 1.83 x 2.00 m open top pen consisted of four
individual cages (0.5 x 0.91 m) which were connected to the 1.83 x 1.00 m common area throughout a 0.25 m
long and 0.20 m wide lockable corridor. The rabbit does were randomly divided into three groups. The groups
differed only in that the material of walls of the individual cages. Pen with solid wall cages (Solid, n=16); pen
with wire-mesh wall cages (Wire, n=16) and pen with partly solid and partly wire-mesh wall cages (Mix, MP,
n=16). Four rabbit does were placed to the closed individual cages 3 days before the expected parturition for 21
days. 18 days after kindling the entrances of the individual cages were opened, and the 21-day group-housing
started. All 4 does and their kits could use all individual cages and the common area freely. The kits were
weaned at 35 days of age. The injuries on ears, and body were checked on days 2, 4, 8, 14 and 22 after grouping
the does. 24-h video recordings were made on days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 13 after opening the doors, and location of
rabbits was registered at every 15 min. On day 1 rabbit does preferred to stay alone than together (Solid: 62.3%;
Wire: 64.3%; Mix: 82.8%). Later on, less rabbit does located alone (on day 13: Solid: 30.8%; Wire: 51.0%; Mix:
39.2%). On day 1 in all pens the majority of the does located in the individual cages (Solid: 77.3%; Wire: 76.8%;
Mix: 83.9%), however later the percentage of does in the individual cages decreased until day 13. At almost
every day less rabbit does preferred the individual cages in the Solid than in Wire or Mix group. Rabbit does
preferred their own cages, more rabbit does stayed in the own cages than the expected probability (25%) on all
days (day 1: Solid: 64.6%; Wire: 68.4%; Mix: 74.6%; day 13: Solid: 28.0%; Wire: 38.0%; Mix: 34.5%). In Mix
group rabbit does which were housed in solid wall cages before grouping preferred to stay in the solid wall cages
in all days (day 13: 59.1%) and that of housed in wire-mesh cages before grouping preferred to stay in wire-
mesh cages (day 13: 65.6%). No significant differences were found between the different types of pens in almost
the all production traits. The productive performance fits to the results of Pannon Breeding Program. On the
other hand in Wire and Mix groups the does mortality were 6.3% and 12.5% and the kindling rates were 62.5
and 68.8%. The ratio of injured rabbits was higher than 50% in each system. Based on the results it can be
concluded that the main problems of group housing of does (aggressiveness, injuries) have not been solved with
this system.
Keywords: rabbit does, group housing, preference, aggressive behaviour, productive performanc