Pomological and vegetative changes during transition from flood irrigation to drip irrigation: Starkrimson Delicious apple variety

WOS: 000301694400003Considering that apple growers have commonly used flood irrigation method instead of drip irrigation for many decades, this study aims to determine the effects of transition from flood irrigation to drip irrigation on vegetative growth and fruit quality (fruit diameter, length, weight, colour, firmness and classification). An apple orchard which had been irrigated by flood irrigation for many years was used for the study, during which flood irrigation was continued in one section as a control treatment, while drip irrigation was applied for rest of the apple orchard. Two different irrigation intervals (4 and 7 clays) and four different pan coefficients (0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25) were applied during drip irrigation treatments. Flood irrigation included only one treatment (20 clays irrigation interval). Transition to drip irrigation method for apple trees indicated positive consequences on vegetative growth and fruit quality. Fruit diameter, length and weight values were the highest in K-cp3 (1.0) treatments in drip irrigation. K-cp3 treatments also showed the highest red colour density values. K-cp3 and K-cp4 (1.25) represented a more marketable fruit size (extra and class 1) than flood irrigation. Lower amount of irrigation water was consumed with drip irrigation compared to flood irrigation. To obtain the highest quantity of marketable apples, K-cp treatment with 1.0 and irrigation interval with 4 days (I-1 K-cp3 treatment) is recommended during transition from flood irrigation to drip irrigation for similar climatic and soil conditions. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry, TurkeyGida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik BakanligiThis study was summarized partially from the research project supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry, Turkey

Early detection of graft-incompatibility in hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.) trees on apple, pear, and quince rootstocks

10 Pags.- 3 Figs.- 2 Tabls. Copyright © 2022 CSIC. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri-bution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)Aim of study: This study was conducted to determine the usability of some clonal rootstocks of apple (MM 106 and MM 111), pear (Fox 11), and quince (Quince A) for hawthorn trees propagation. Area of study: Fruit Research Institute, Isparta and Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye.Material and methods: ‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar was budded on the following clonal rootstocks: pear Fox 11, quince A, and apple MM 106 and MM 111. Plants of hawthorn seedlings (Crataegus azarolus L.) budded with ‘Sultan’ cv. were used as control. External visual diagnosis of the scion-rootstock graft combinations was performed by observing visual symptoms in budded trees growing in nursery conditions, as well as anatomic and histological investigations of the in-compatibility in the laboratory. Main results: In this study, healthy scion development and callus tissue in the graft region were formed in the seed-ling rootstock as well as on Fox11 and Quince A clonal rootstocks. In contrast, MM 106 and MM 111 apple rootstocks showed incompatibility symptoms, with insufficient scion vigor and unstructured callus tissue development. Research highlights: ‘Tanslocated’ and ‘located’ graft incompatibility symptoms were observed in Sultan/MM 106 and Sultan/MM 111 combinations. Further studies are necessary to confirm the early good compatibility found in nursery conditions, testing the effect of those clonal rootstocks from different species (Fox11 and Quince A) on vigor, yield, and fruit quality traits in orchard conditions.License.Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Peer reviewe