Evaluation de la toxicité de cinq plantes antiasthmatiques de la médecine traditionnelle ivoirienne

Les feuilles de Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Sp. (Nyctaginaceae), Baphia nitida Lodd., Cassia occidentalis Linn. Sp., Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. et l’écorce de racines de Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight etArn. (Fabaceae) sont traditionnellement utilisées pour traiter l’asthme en Côte d’Ivoire. Les propriétés antispasmodiques de quatre extraits totaux (décocté, hydro-alcoolique, méthanolique et chlorométhylénique) deces substances végétales sur la musculature lisse du tractus respiratoire ont précédemment été montrées sur la trachée isolée de souris, justifiant certainement leur usage antiasthmatique en médecine traditionnelle. Laprésente investigation a consisté en l’étude de la toxicité de ces extraits totaux de plantes. Les tests de cytotoxicité réalisés in vitro sur cellules KB en culture ainsi que les tests in vivo chez la souris avec des doses similaires aux concentrations testées sur la trachée isolée n’ont pas mis d’effets toxiques en évidence à ces doses, suggérant une certaine sécurité d’emploi de ces substances végétales dans le traitement traditionnel de l’asthme

Assessment of the impact of adherence and other predictors during HAART on various CD4 cell responses in resource-limited settings

Danho Pascal Abrogoua1,2, Brou Jerome Kablan1, Boua Alexis Thierry Kamenan1,3, Gilles Aulagner4, Konan N'Guessan1, Christian Zohoré11Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacologie et Therapeutique – UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Cocody, 3Service de Pharmacie, CHU de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, 4Service Pharmaceutique Hopital Louis Pradel, Lyon, FranceObjective: The aim of this study was to quantify, by modeling, the impact of significant predictors on CD4 cell response during antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting.Methods: Modeling was used to determine which antiretroviral therapy response predictors (baseline CD4 cell count, clinical state, age, and adherence) significantly influence immunological response in terms of CD4 cell gain compared to a reference value at different periods of monitoring.Results: At 6 months, CD4 cell response was significantly influenced by baseline CD4 count alone. The probability of no increase in CD4 cells was 2.6 higher in patients with a baseline CD4 cell count of ≥200/mm3. At 12 months, CD4 cell response was significantly influenced by both baseline CD4 cell count and adherence. The probability of no increase in CD4 cells was three times higher in patients with a baseline CD4 cell count of ≥200/mm3 and 0.15 times lower with adherent patients. At 18 months, CD4 cell response was also significantly influenced by both baseline CD4 cell count and adherence. The probability of no increase in CD4 cells was 5.1 times higher in patients with a baseline CD4 cell count of ≥200/mm3 and 0.28 times lower with adherent patients. At 24 months, optimal CD4 cell response was significantly influenced by adherence alone. Adherence increased the probability (by 5.8) of an optimal increase in CD4 cells. Age and baseline clinical state had no significant influence on immunological response.Conclusion: The relationship between adherence and CD4 cell response was the most significant compared to that of baseline CD4 cell count. Counseling before initiation of treatment and educational therapy during follow-up must always help to strengthen adherence and optimize the efficiency of antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting.Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, CD4 cells response, adherence, predictors, modeling, Abidja

Ma‐Pi 2 macrobiotic diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus: pooled analysis of short‐term intervention studies

SummaryThe macrobiotic, Ma‐Pi 2 diet (12% protein, 18% fat and 70% carbohydrate), has shown benefit in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This pooled analysis aims to confirm results from four, 21‐day intervention studies with the Ma‐Pi 2 diet, carried out in Cuba, China, Ghana and Italy. Baseline and end of study biochemical, body composition and blood pressure data, were compared using multivariate statistical methods and assessment of the Cohen effect size (d). Results showed that all measured indicators demonstrated significant changes (p  0.05). Similarly, glycemia and glycemic profiles in all four studies were independent of the sample size (p = 0.237). The Ma‐Pi diet 2 significantly reduced glycemia, serum lipids, uremia and cardiovascular risk in adults with T2DM. These results suggest that the Ma‐Pi 2 diet could be a valid alternative treatment for patients with T2DM and point to the need for further clinical studies. Mechanisms related to its benefits as a functional diet are discussed. © 2013 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd