Predicted Gas Properties in the Shock Layer Ahead of Capsule-Type Vehicles at Angles of Attack

A method for determining shock-wave shapes, stagnation-point location, and flow-field properties for spherically blunt bodies at angle of attack was developed. The method is applicable to perfect gas flows and equilibrium flow of real gases. The results given by the method for shock surface and stagnation-point location are compared with experimental values. Comparison of the shock-layer density and temperature distribution are also made between the results of the method and those of a more exact procedure for a sphere. These comparisons indicate satisfactory agreement

A method for predicting shock shapes and pressure distributions for a wide variety of blunt bodies at zero angle of attack

Relationship of shock standoff distance, at sonic and stagnation points, to body geometry of blunt bodies at zero angle of attac

Estimation of shock layer thickness and pressure distribution on a delta wing-body space shuttle orbiter

Calculation of shock inclination angle and surface pressure coefficient in vertical plane of symmetry of bodies at angle of attack related to delta wing-body space shuttle orbite

Pressure distributions on triangular and rectangular wings to high angles of attack Mach numbers 2.46 and 3.36

Pressure distributions were measured over rectangular wings of aspect ratio 2 and triangular wings of aspect ratios 2 and 4 at Mach numbers of 2.46 and 3.36. The investigation includes some comparison of the effects of Mach number, Reynolds number, and thickening the wing root sections on the loading

Enhanced immunogenicity of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon after removal of the bacterial cell surface-associated 57 kDa protein

A study was conducted to determine the effect of endogenous serine protease activity on the immunogenicity of Renibacterium salmoninarum cells in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Salmon were immunized with either R. salmoninarum cells possessing p57 (p57(+)) or substantially depleted of p57 (p57(-)). The resultant antisera were examined by whole cell ELISA and immunoblot procedures using p57(+), p57(-), proteinase-K-treated, and periodate-treated whole cells. These analyses revealed that the removal of p57 by the endogenous serine protease significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the cell, resulting in a 20-fold increase in detectable antibody titers. The bulk of this antibody activity was directed at sites blocked by the presence of the p57 molecule. Furthermore, proteinase-K and periodate treatment of R. salmoninarum cells revealed that the increased antibody activity almost exclusively reacted with carbohydrate moieties on the p57(-) cell

Plasmablast and plasma cell production and distribution in trout immune tissues

These studies describe the in vitro and ex vivo generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood and splenic and anterior kidney tissues. Cells were derived either from naive trout and cultured with the polyclonal activator, Escherichia coli LPS, or from trout that had been immunized with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Hydroxyurea was used to resolve populations of replicating (plasmablast) and nonreplicating (plasma cell) Ab-secreting cells (ASC). Complete inhibition of Ig secretion was only observed within the PBL. Both anterior kidney and splenic lymphocytes possessed a subset of ASCs that were hydroxyurea resistant. Thus, in vitro production of plasma cells appears to be restricted to the latter two tissues, whereas peripheral blood is exclusively restricted to the production of plasmablasts. After immunization with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, specific ASC could be isolated from all immune organs; however, the anterior kidney contained 98% of all ASC. Late in the response (\u3e 10 wk), anterior kidney ASC secreted specific Ab for at least 15 days in culture, indicating that they were long-lived plasma cells. Cells from spleen and peripheral blood lost all capacity to secrete specific Ab in the absence of Ag. Late in the Ab response, high serum titer levels are solely the result of Ig secretion from anterior kidney plasma cells

Effects of mass addition on blunt-body boundary-layer transition and heat transfer

The model bodies tested at Mach number 7.32 were hemispheres, blunt cones, and spherical segments. The mass addition consisted of air ejected through porous forward surfaces of the models. The experimental data consisted of heat transfer measurements from which boundary layer transitions were deduced. The data verified various applicable boundary layer codes in the laminar and transitional flow regimes. Empirical heating rate data correlations were developed for the laminar and turbulent flow regimes

Pressure distributions on triangular and rectangular wings to high angles of attack Mach numbers 1.45 and 1.97

Pressure distributions were measured over rectangular wings of aspect ratio 2 and triangular wings of aspect ratios 2 and 4 at Mach numbers of 1.45 and 1.97. The investigation includes some comparison of the effects of Reynolds number and of thickening the wing root sections on the loading

Estimation of Directional Stability Derivatives at Moderate Angles and Supersonic Speeds

A study of some of the important aerodynamic factors affecting the directional stability of supersonic airplanes is presented. The mutual interference fields between the body, the lifting surfaces, and the stabilizing surfaces are analyzed in detail. Evaluation of these interference fields on an approximate theoretical basis leads to a method for predicting directional stability of supersonic airplanes. Body shape, wing position and plan form, vertical tail position and plan form, and ventral fins are taken into account. Estimates of the effects of these factors are in fair agreement with experiment

Mycobacteriosis in Striped Bass of the Chesapeake Bay: Expansion of Studies Emphasizing Cultural and Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Methods to Evaluate Disease Prevalence: A Final Report

During 1997-99, the Aquatic Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (AADDL) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) investigated and documented an epizootic of disease in wild striped bass, Morone saxatilis, from many portions of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Some of these fish exhibited an ulcerative dermatitis initially suspected of being caused by Pfiesteria piscicida, a dinoflagellate. Skin ulcers ranged from pinpoint, pigmented spots to large, shallow hemorrhagic (bloody) wounds. This disease was determined to be due not to Pfiesteria, but to a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium spp. This disease syndrome is referred to as mycobacteriosis. Further investigations by VIMS researchers and collaborators at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) identified a new species, M. shottsii, as the most frequently isolated mycobacteria from striped bass during this epizootic (Rhodes et al., 2001c; Rhodes et al., 2002). During 2001-2002, the Virginia Saltwater Recreational Fishing Development Board funded a proposal to compare rates of detection of this disease by three methods, histology, quantitative bacteriology, and the molecular technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR. This report summarizes the results of our yearlong investigation of this disease