3 research outputs found
Predictors of Condom Use Among African American Transgender Young Adults
Despite the continual prevention efforts in the United States, an estimated 1 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 25% of them are unaware of their infection status. There are no national surveillance data available on the incidence or prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the transgender population; this absence of data is a matter for concern. Guided by the health behavior model and social cognitive theory, this study utilized a quantitative approach to examine the associations between HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and condoms, and condom use self-efficacy as predictors of condom use in African American transgender young adults--one of the most disenfranchised and marginalized groups at increased risk for HIV infection--in the District of Columbia. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and chi-square analyses were used to analyze the research questions. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the dependent and independent variables at last intercourse with a steady partner. However, there was a statistically significant relationship when predicting condom use in the last 30 days and last 6 months with a steady partner. There was a statistically significant relationship for predicting condom use at last intercourse and intercourse in the last 30 days among nonsteady partners. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the dependent and independent variables at intercourse in the last 6 months with nonsteady partners. The findings could inform public health practitioners to develop and implement programs targeting African American transgender populations; the findings could also reinforce the public health policies and practices in favor of this cohort
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Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery Outcomes of Perinatally vs Nonperinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women in the United States: Results From the PHACS SMARTT Study and IMPAACT P1025 Protocol.
BackgroundPregnancy outcomes of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected women (PHIV) are poorly defined.MethodsWe compared preterm delivery and birth weight (BW) outcomes (low BW [LBW], <2500 g), small-for-gestational-age [SGA], and BW z scores [BWZ]) in HIV-exposed uninfected infants of PHIV vs nonperinatally HIV-infected (NPHIV) pregnant women in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Surveillance Monitoring of ART Toxicities or International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1025 studies. Mixed effects models and log binomial models were used to assess the association of maternal PHIV status with infant outcomes. Age-stratified analyses were performed.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2013, 2270 HIV-infected pregnant women delivered 2692 newborns (270 born to PHIV and 2422 to NPHIV women). PHIV women were younger, (mean age 21 vs 25 years, P < .01) and more likely to have a pregnancy CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (19% vs 11%, P = .01). No associations between maternal PHIV status and preterm delivery, SGA, or LBW were observed. After adjustment, BWZ was 0.12 lower in infants of PHIV vs NPHIV women (adjusted mean, -0.45 vs -0.33; P = .04). Among women aged 23-30 years (n = 1770), maternal PHIV was associated with LBW (aRR = 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.18, 2.58; P < .01).ConclusionThe overall lack of association between maternal PHIV status and preterm delivery or infant BW outcomes is reassuring. The higher rates of LBW observed in PHIV women aged 23-30 years warrants further mechanism-based investigations as this is a rapidly growing and aging population worldwide.Clinical trials registrationPHACS SMARTT study, NCT01310023.Clinical trials registrationIMPAACT 1025, NCT00028145