Podstawy prawne geoinformacyjnego wsparcia ocen oddziaływania na środowisko w Polsce

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an instrument ensuring environmental protection at the stage of the decision-making process preceding investment implementation. It enables the preparation of an investment process in such a way that the implementation and functioning of the investment has the lowest negative impact on the geographical environment possible negative. After World War II, economic growth became very intensive. Only the technical and economic aspects of investment enterprises were analysed during the design of new investments. The impact of new, large-scale investments on the environment in various parts of the world was so significant, that it caused concern for the balance in the environment and its functioning, not only on a local, but also on a global scale (Synowic, Rzeszot 1995). This concern resulted in, among others, the development of legislation on environmental impact assessment. Impact assessments may refer to direct undertakings (which served as prototypes for international and European solutions), but also to programmes, plans, policies, and draft laws (as was provided for by the US legislation and the E uropean legislation since 2001). The article does not discuss the issue of strategic environmental impact assessment of draft documents (programmes, plans, and policies), only signalling their existence. The development of environmental impact assessment and legal basis for spatial information infrastructure presented in the article point to the need of permanently including geoinformation systems into administrative proceedings concerning assessments or decisions motivated by environmental factors. The geoinformational support functioning pursuant to the INSPIRE directive will enable administrative bodies to make decisions based on reliable spatial information with legal basis.Organy administracji zaangażowane w ocenę oddziaływania na środowisko planowanego przedsięwzięcia winny korzystać z informacji i metod weryfikacji o jak najwyższej jakości i pewności.  Współcześnie rozwijające się społeczeństwo geoinformacyjne dysponuje takimi rozwiązaniami, które mogą spełnić wymienione wyżej wymagania stawiane organom administracji. Dlatego też istotnym jest wypracowanie zasad wsparcia administracji rządowej i samorządowej w postępowaniach administracyjnych systemami geoinformacyjnymi, które dostarczają danych, procedur i narzędzi do obiektywizacji podejmowanych decyzji środowiskowych.

Strategia energetyki rozproszonej – ścieżka do finalnego dokumentu

Strategia energetyki rozproszonej w Polsce do 2040 roku (SER 2040) jest dokumentem tworzonym w ramach oddolnej inicjatywy wynikającej z celów projektu „Rozwój energetyki rozproszonej w klastrach energii (KlastER)” i nawiązuje do założeń Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju oraz Polityki energetycznej Polski do 2040 r. (PEP 2040). Przygotowany w okresie 2021–2022 dokument proponuje niezbędne w obszarze energetyki rozproszonej (ER) działania, które wspierają realizację PEP 2040 i wyznaczają ramy transformacji energetycznej w Polsce, jednocześnie uwzględniając najnowsze trendy i wydarzenia, które nastąpiły od momentu przyjęcia PEP 2040. Kluczowym elementem i punktem zwrotnym w procesie prac nad Strategią… było opracowanie analizy SWOT dla ER w obszarach ekonomiczno-finansowym, legislacyjno-regulacyjnym, społeczno-kulturowym i techniczno-technologicznym. Prace przeprowadzono pod nadzorem koordynatorów zespołów roboczych Sieci Kompetencji ds. Energetyki Rozproszonej (SKER). Na podstawie efektów analizy przyjęto, że działania wynikające ze Strategii… powinny być realizowane w trzech głównych obszarach, odpowiadających jej poszczególnym celom: regulacyjnym, technicznym i edukacyjnym

Computer-aided decision support system for treatment in acute ischemic stroke: integration of clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging data

Wprowadzenie leczenia trombolitycznego we wczesnym okresie niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu pozwala istotnie zmniejszyć ryzyko zgonu oraz inwalidztwa. Jednak leczenie to musi być włączone w ciągu 3 godzin od wystąpienia udaru i jest obciążone ryzykiem jego ukrwotocznienia, co wiąże się z pogorszeniem rokowania. Nie ma obecnie wiarygodnych narzędzi pozwalających ocenić prawdopodobną reakcję na terapię u danego pacjenta, co rodzi potrzebę wprowadzenia komputerowego systemu wspomagania decyzji, możliwego do zastosowania w warunkach oddziału ratunkowego lub izby przyjęć. System taki pozwoli określić stosunek ryzyka do korzyści uzyskanych dzięki leczeniu i tym samym zidentyfikować chorych, którzy mogliby odnieść największe korzyści z leczenia trombolitycznego, przy jednocześnie najmniejszym możliwym ryzyku powikłań krwotocznych. Dane, które można by wykorzystać do skonstruowania takiego systemu prognostycznego, powinny być dostępne w krótkim czasie od przybycia chorego do szpitala. W pracy przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy na temat czynników, które mogłyby być wykorzystane do konstrukcji takiego systemu. Uwzględniono trzy grupy parametrów: stan kliniczny, badania laboratoryjne oraz badania neuroobrazowe. Omówiono także przydatność nowych biomarkerów uszkodzenia mózgu i bariery krew-mózg w prognozowaniu przebiegu udaru. Na podstawie dotychczasowych badań można wnioskować, że w konstrukcji modelu prognostycznego istotne znaczenie będą miały: wiek i płeć, wykładniki stanu klinicznego - wyrażone w skalach klinimetrycznych (szczególnie National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale i Glasgow Coma Scale), ciśnienie tętnicze, wybrane wyniki badań laboratoryjnych (stężenia glukozy, białka C-reaktywnego i liczba leukocytów) oraz choroby współistniejące. Nowe techniki tomografii komputerowej i rezonansu magnetycznego także mogą być przydatne w tworzeniu komputerowego systemu prognostycznego.Early treatment using thrombolytic therapy decreases the risk of death and disability in ischemic stroke patients, however it has to be applied up to 3 hours from symptoms onset and carries the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with worse outcome. Now we still have not got a reliable tools that allow us to enables benefit/risk assessment of the thrombolytic treatment. In view of the above, elaboration of the prognostic system, enabling rapid and reliable evaluation of the success and risk of therapy complications is crucial at present for the effective treatment of ischemic stroke on the wider scale. The most important factors that could be useful in construction of the prognostic instrument should be assessed at admission to hospital emergency room within first hours of stroke onset. The predictive system should include: clinical score scales, laboratory results, neuroradiological tests, and novel biological markers of the early brain and blood-brain barrier damage. This article reviews the recent knowledge of factors that could be included in the predictive system. On the basis of review of the current studies the most important factors, with proven impact on stroke prognosis, seem to be: patients’ age and gender, clinical score scales (in particular National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Glasgow Coma Scale), blood pressure, the laboratory results, as: white blood cell count, glucose and C-reactive protein concentrations, and comorbidities diagnosed at admission. Dataset will also include novel techniques of head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging acquired at admission to hospital

External quality monitoring facilitates improvement in already well-performing stroke units: insights from RES-Q Poland

Introduction. The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is used in Poland for quality monitoring by numerous hospitals participating in the Angels Initiative. Our aim was to assess the degree of improvement in highly stroke-oriented centres that report cases to the RES-Q each year. Material and methods. This retrospective analysis included Polish stroke units that from January 2017 to December 2020 contributed to the RES-Q at least 25 patients annually. Results. Seventeen out of 180 Polish stroke units reported patients each year (2017, n = 1,691; 2018, n = 2,986; 2019, n = 3,750; 2020, n = 3,975). The percentage of ischaemic stroke patients treated with alteplase remained stable (26%, 29%, 30% and 28%, respectively). The door-to-needle time progressively decreased, from a median 49 minutes to 32 minutes. The percentage of patients treated ≤ 60 minutes and ≤ 45 minutes significantly increased (from 68% to 86% and from 43% to 70%, respectively), with no change observed between 2019 and 2020. Despite a general improvement in dysphagia screening (81%, 91%, 98% and 99%), screening performed within the first 24h from admission became less frequent (78%, 76%, 69% and 65%). In-hospital mortality significantly increased (11%, 11%, 13% and 15%), while the proportion of patients discharged home remained stable. Conclusions. Quality-oriented projects facilitate the improvement of stroke care, even in centres demonstrating good baseline performance. Polish stroke units that consistently reported cases to the RES-Q demonstrated improvement in terms of door-to- -needle time and dysphagia screening. However, there is still a need to shorten the time to dysphagia screening, and carefully monitor stroke unit mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke – Five years of experience in Poland

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250±99min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% – emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization – in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 – in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guidelines

Distributed energy strategy – path to the final document

Strategia energetyki rozproszonej w Polsce do 2040 roku (SER 2040) jest dokumentem tworzonym w ramach oddolnej inicjatywy wynikającej z celów projektu „Rozwój energetyki rozproszonej w klastrach energii (KlastER)” i nawiązuje do założeń Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju oraz Polityki energetycznej Polski do 2040 r. (PEP 2040). Przygotowany w okresie 2021–2022 dokument proponuje niezbędne w obszarze energetyki rozproszonej (ER) działania, które wspierają realizację PEP 2040 i wyznaczają ramy transformacji energetycznej w Polsce, jednocześnie uwzględniając najnowsze trendy i wydarzenia, które nastąpiły od momentu przyjęcia PEP 2040. Kluczowym elementem i punktem zwrotnym w procesie prac nad Strategią… było opracowanie analizy SWOT dla ER w obszarach ekonomiczno-finansowym, legislacyjno-regulacyjnym, społeczno-kulturowym i techniczno-technologicznym. Prace przeprowadzono pod nadzorem koordynatorów zespołów roboczych Sieci Kompetencji ds. Energetyki Rozproszonej (SKER). Na podstawie efektów analizy przyjęto, że działania wynikające ze Strategii… powinny być realizowane w trzech głównych obszarach, odpowiadających jej poszczególnym celom: regulacyjnym, technicznym i edukacyjnym.The developed Strategy for distributed energy in Poland until 2040 (SER 2040) is a document created as part of a bottom- -up initiative resulting from the objectives of the project “Development of distributed energy in energy clusters (KlastER)”. In its assumptions, the document refers to the role of distributed energy resulting both from the Strategy for Responsible Development, and in particular from the Polish Energy Policy until 2040. The document prepared in the period 2021–2022 proposes the necessary measures in the field of distributed energy, supporting the implementation of PEP 2040, setting the framework for the energy transformation in Poland, taking into account the latest trends and events that have taken place since the adoption of PEP 2040. A key element and a turning point in the process of works on the Strategy... was the development of a SWOT analysis of distributed energy in the following areas: economic and financial, legislative and regulatory, socio-cultural and technical and technological. The work was carried out under the supervision of the coordinators of the working groups of the Distributed Energy Competence Network (SKER). On this basis, it was assumed that the actions resulting from the Strategy... should be implemented in three main areas corresponding to its individual goals: regulatory, technical and educational

Handheld ED-XRF spectrometers in geochemical investigation: Comparative studies for glacial deposits from Spitsbergen

This study presents the determination of the content of selected metals (Ba, Ca, Fe, Nb, Rb, Sr, Y, Zn, and Zr) in postglacial deposits from two glacial valleys (Ebbadalen and Elsadalen) in the Petunia Bay (southern Spitsbergen). The aim of the research was to experimentally check the usefulness of the handheld energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique in the study of samples from the polar zone, before performing the future field tests. Deposit analyses were performed (in parallel) with two handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometers from different manufacturers, to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the instruments. The statistical analysis of the results indicated that the measurements carried out with two spectrometers were statistically significantly different, which was probably due to the different calibration characteristics used by the manufacturers. However, the analysis of the spatial distribution of element concentrations using Geographic Information System tools showed that the distribution maps of elements concentrations were similar regardless of the spectrometer used in the analyses

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke : five years of experience in Poland

Objectives: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results: We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results: Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250 99 min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6 h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% - emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization - in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 - in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion: Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guideline