Axiller lenf nodu pozitif meme kanserinde non-sentinel lenf nodu pozitifliğine etki eden faktörler ve nomogramların etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Amacımız aksiller lenf nodu pozitif meme kanserinde nonsentinel lenf nodu (NSLN) pozitifliğine etki eden faktörleri araştırmak ve hasta grubumuzda Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) ve Stanford nomogramlarının etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntemler: 01.01.2008 - 31.08.2011 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği’nde sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisi (SLNB) sonucunda sentinel lenf nodunda metastaz saptanan invaziv meme kanseri olan 112 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Karşılaştırılacak değişkenler SPSS 15.0 versiyonu programından yararlanılarak kaydedildi. Lojistik regresyon analizi ile NSLN pozitifliğine etki eden risk faktörleri araştırıldı. P< 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edildi. Her iki nomogram icin “Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)” eğrileri oluşturuldu ve eğriler altındaki alanlar(AUC) hesaplandı. AUC değeri 0.70 ve üzerinde hesaplanan yöntem etkin olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Tek değişkenli analizde tümör boyutu, multifokalite, lenfovasküler invazyon varlığı, SLN’daki metastazın makrometastaz oluşu, SLN’da kapsül dışı invazyon varlığı ve metastatik SLN sayısının toplam SLN sayısına oranı anlamlı bulundu. Çok değişkenli analizde lenfovasküler invazyon, SLN’da kapsül dışı invazyon ve metastatik SLN sayısının toplam SLN sayısına oranı NSLN metastazı ile ilgili bağımsız prediktif faktörler olarak saptandı. MSKCC ve Stanford nomogramlarının ikisinin de hasta grubumuzda etkin olmakla birlikte MSKCC nomogramının daha etkin olduğu sonucuna vardık. Sonuç: Nomogramlar aksillada NSLN’unda metastataz olasılığı hakkında yol gösterici yöntemlerdir. Ancak henüz aksiller lenf nodu diseksiyonunun (ALND) yerini alacak kapasitede değildirler. NSLN pozitifliğine etki eden yeni prediktif faktörlerin ortaya konulması ile etkinlikleri artırılabilir. Her klinik kendisine en uygun nomogramı belirlemeli ve kullanmalı veya kendi nomogramını oluşturmalıdır

Thyroid fine needle aspiration reporting rates and outcomes before and after Bethesda implementation: A single-center experience over 8 years

Aimː To evaluate data from our hospital system before and after the implementation of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) and comparison of our data with the previously published studies. Methods: Seven hundred seventy-one patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and surgery at our institution were analyzed retrospectively. FNAB results&nbsp;were divided into two parts in terms of the period they related to: pre-TBSRTC (between 2005 and 2010) and TBSRTC (between 2011 and 2013). Results: 341 FNAB were applied&nbsp;in the period of TBSRTC. Of the 341 FNAB, 53(16%) were non diagnostic, 82(24%) were benign, 62(18%) were atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 28(8%) were follicular neoplasms and/or suspicion of follicular neoplasms (FN/SFN), 95(28%) were suspicion for malignancy (SuspM), and 21(6%) were malignant. Rates of malignancy reported on follow-up histopathological examination were non diagnostic in 11%, benign in 4.9%, AUS/FLUS in 23%, FN/SFN in 32%, SuspM in 44%, and malignant in 95.3%. Conclusions: In this study, the distribution of cases in TBSRTC categories and malignancy rates, differed from, recommended by TBSRTC and some studies. Implementation of TBSRTC did significantly affect our institution’s reporting rates

The association between coronary flow rate and impaired heart rate recovery in patients with metabolic syndrome: A preliminary report

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate heart rate recovery (HRR) and association between coronary flow rate and HRR in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) who had morphologically normal coronary angiogram.Methods: Study population included 43 patients with MS and 37 control subjects without MS. All patients were selected from individuals who had recently undergone coronary angiography in our hospital and were diagnosed as having angiographically normal coronary arteries. Exercise stress test results obtained prior to coronary angiography were evaluated for calculating HRR and other parameters. In addition, coronary flow was objectively evaluated for each major coronary artery in each subject using TIMI frame count method.Results: All HRR values calculated were detected significantly lower in MS group compared to controls (HRR first: 32 ± 9 vs. 37 ± 10; p = 0.01, second: 46 ± 11 vs. 52 ± 11; p = 0.03, third: 51 ± 12 vs. 59 ± 12; p = 0.00, fourth: 54 ± 13 vs. 61 ± 2; p = 0.02). TIMI frame counts for each major epicardial coronary artery and mean TIMI frame count were also found to be significantly higher in MS group compared to controls (left anterior descending artery:51 ± 24 vs. 39 ± 15; p = 0.009, left circumflex artery: 32 ± 11 vs. 24 ± 7; p = 0.001, right coronary artery: 33 ± 14 vs. 24 ± 10; p = 0.003, mean TIMI frame count: 38 ± 15 vs. 29 ± 9;p = 0.002). Additionally, significant negative correlations were also detected between HRR first minute and coronary TIMI frame count values in patients with MS. None of MS parameters did not affect HRR values, however mean TIMI frame count independently associated with HRR first minute (p = 0.04) in patients with MS.Conclusions: Impaired coronary blood flow occurring in MS might be a clue of autonomic dysfunction in addition to previously known endothelial dysfunction.

Does a Close Surgical Margin for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Associated with Invasive Breast Carcinoma Affect Breast Cancer Recurrence?

Purpose: Our aim was to determine if a close surgical margin (<2 mm, but no ink on tumor) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) associated with invasive breast cancer (IBC) leads to an increased rate of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). Patients and Methods: Six hundred and twenty-eight patients with T1-2 IBC who underwent breast conserving therapy (BCT) and had no ink on tumor between 2009 and 2017 in our institution were included in the study. Age, tumor size, axillary lymph node status, resection margin status of DCIS as closer than 2 mm or ≥2 mm, DCIS as present or absent, extensive intraductal component as yes or no were investigated. All patients were followed-up for IBTR. Results: The median age was 50 years (range, 29–82), and median tumor size was 25 mm (range, 5–50). Median follow-up time was 56 months (range, 12–114). Of the 628 IBC patients, 440 (70%) were found to be associated with DCIS. Of the 440 patients with DCIS, 119 (27%) had a close margin (<2 mm) and 321 (73%) had a margin ≥2 mm for DCIS. Among 440 IBC patients associated with DCIS, there were three local recurrences. One developed in a patient who had a close surgical margin for DCIS, and in the other two patients, surgical margins were ≥2 mm. Conclusions: No ink on tumor is an adequate margin for IBC associated with DCIS in patients who undergo BCT and it is not associated with increased IBTR

Management of the Axilla in T1-2 Breast Cancer Patients with Macrometastatic Sentinel Node Involvement Who Underwent Breast-Conserving Therapy

Purpose: The aims of our study were to determine the incidence of axillary recurrence and arm morbidity in T1-2 invasive breast cancer patients with macrometastases on the sentinel lymph node (SLN) who underwent breast-conserving therapy (BCT), with or without axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Methods: One hundred and nine T1-2 invasive breast cancer patients with macrometastases on the SLN who underwent BCT in our institution were included in the study. Patients with 1–2 positive SLN and without extra nodal extension (ENE) on the SLN did not undergo ALND (SLN-only group) and patients with ENE or patients who had >2 metastatic nodes underwent level I, II ALND (ALND group). The SLN-only group received radiotherapy to three axillary levels, the supraclavicular fossa, and ± mammaria interna. ALND group received radiotherapy to axillary level III, the supraclavicular fossa, and ± mammaria interna. The incidence of axillary recurrence and arm morbidity were investigated. Results: Of the 109 patients, 18 patients with >2 metastatic SLNs and 10 with ENE on the SLN underwent ALND and 81 patients underwent SLN only. Median follow-up time was 37 months (3–77). There was no axillary recurrence in SLN-only group. However, in the ALND group 1 patient had developed axillary metastasis. There were 2 objective lymphoedema and 3 arm-shoulder restriction cases in the SLN-only group, and 2 and 3 in the ALND group, respectively. Conclusions: Axillary dissection could safely be omitted in patients with 1–2 macrometastatic SLN and without ENE who undergo BCT and axillary radiotherapy

Risk Factors For Breast Cancer In Turkish Women With Early Pregnancies And Long-Lasting Lactation - A Case-Control Study

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out among 504 women with breast cancer and 610 controls to analyse the risk factors for breast cancer in Turkey. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each risk factor were obtained from logistic regression analysis. Risk factors for breast cancer were found to be long-term lactation (greater than or equal to5 years versus never OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.79), young age at menarche (<15 years versus &GE;15 OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.30-2.28), late age at first full-term pregnancy (&GE;30 versus <20 OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.32-6.21), oral contraceptive use ( ever versus never OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.08), positive family history (positive versus negative OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.35-5.82), and menstrual irregularity (yes versus no OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.49). The results of the present study will lead to a better understanding of the risk factors for breast cancer in a developing country.WoSScopu

Evaluation of the relationship between Ki67 expression level and neoadjuvant treatment response and prognosis in breast cancer based on the Neo-Bioscore staging system

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used in the treatment of primary breast cancer. Different staging systems have been developed to evaluate the residual tumor after NAC and classify patients into different prognostic groups. Ki67, a proliferation marker, has been shown to be useful in predicting treatment response and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic importance Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels in breast cancer patients who received NAC and correlations between Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels. Methods A total of 176 invasive breast carcinoma patients who underwent NAC were included in the study. Ki67 levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in Trucut biopsy and surgical excision specimens. Patients were classified into prognostic groups using the Neo-Bioscore staging system. Results Patients with high pretreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group (p < 0.001). Patients with a high posttreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore prognostic risk group (p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were shorter in patients with high posttreatment Ki67 scores and in patients in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group. We also determined a cutoff 37% for pathological complete response. Conclusion Neo-Bioscore staging system is found to be important in predicting survival. The posttreatment Ki67 level is more important than pretreatment Ki67 level in predicting survival

Science and economy: The place of Turkey in the world

Aims: We aimed to provide information on world's economic and academic citation and to find the characteristics of overall, medical and particularly general surgical scientific paper production