Kısmet-î askerîye mahkemesi 01 numaralı defteri : transkripsiyon ve değerlendirme_x000D_

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Osmanlı Devleti tarihinin aydınlatılmasında ana kaynakların başında şer'iyye sicilleri gelmektedir. Bu kaynaklar Osmanlı Devleti'nin ekonomik ve kültürel tarihini aydınlatmada araştırmacılara başka tarihi metinlerde yer almayan veriler sunmaktadır. Şer'iyye sicilleri; Osmanlı Devleti'nde yer alan mahkeme kararları, terekeler, fermanlar ve beratlar gibi pek çok resmi belgeyi içermektedir. Çalışmamızın konusu Kısmet-î Askerîye Mahkemesi 01 Numaralı Defteri, Hicri 1000-1017 / Miladi 1592-1609 yıllarına ait mahkemeye intikal etmiş davaları içermektedir. Sicilin içerisinde miras taksimi, alacak ve borç, vasi tayini, vakıf gibi birçok konu yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile İstanbul şehrinin 1592-1609 yılları arasında iktisadi, sosyokültürel, hukuki ve idari yapısının belirlenmesine katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmamızda şer'iyye sicilleri, terekeler, mahkemelerde kadı ve diğer görevlilerin sorumlulukları ile Osmanlı hukuk yapısına değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda 01 numaralı şer'iyye sicilinin transkripsiyonu ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda 169 varak olan sicil defterin ilk 50 sayfası ele alınmıştır. Defterin bazı sayfalarının yıpranmış olduğu ve okunmasının güçleştiği görülmüştür.In clarification of history of Ottoman Empire court record are the main sources. These sources submit to the researchers the information that do not exist in other historical texts, in clarification of economic and culturel history of Ottoman Empire. Court record contain lot of official document such as judgment of court, heritages, royal decrees and certificates. Court record of 01 Number Kısmet-î Askerîye which is our researche's subjet, contains the cases that revert to court between Hijri 1000-1017 / AC 1592-1609. There are subjects such as partition at the inheritance, debit and credit, appointment of guardianship, foundation in the records. It is aimed to contribute for identifying of İstanbul's financial, sociocultural, legal and official structures. At the same time it is refered to court records, responsibitities of kadı and other officials in courts and Ottoman law structure in our study. In our research number 01 court record's transcription and evaluation has been done. The first 50 shades of the record which contains 169 page has been handled in our study. It is seen that some pages are detrited and it is hard to read

The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas

Primary central nervous system (PCNS) lymphomas are rare disease entities, though the incidence is increasing due to various immunosuppressive situations. The brain, eyes, and the spinal cord could be affected without any systemic disease involvement. Untreated PCNS lymphoma has been a rapidly fatal course. However, combined modality treatments have positive impact on overall survival. Pretreatment plan is formed by evaluating the treatment options to be used, disease involvement, and individual comorbidity. The PCNS lymphomas are known to be very sensitive to irradiation and chemotherapy treatments. The treatment plan is also generated according to the neurological condition and functional status of patients. The mainstay of induction therapy has been high dose methotrexate administration for most patients. The addition of radiotherapy as a consolidation treatment increases progression-free survival. The use of reduced irradiation dose and different fractionation schemes has been investigated in different studies to avoid the increased toxicity of high-dose whole-brain radiotherapy. High-dose chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, and whole-brain radiotherapy are alternative applications in patients with insufficient response to induction therapy. Stereotactic radiotherapy is another option in case of relapsed or refractory disease. Age and performance are also important indicators of survival and tumor progression

The effect of topical intranasal H89 and dimethylsulfoxide on AQP5 levels and histopathological findings in an experimental allergic rhinitis rat model

Aim: To investigate the protective effects of protein kinase A inhibitor H89 and its solvent, DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), on the nasal mucosa of rats in an allergic rhinitis model. Method: In total, 32 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each group. Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization was used to induce allergic rhinitis. DMSO, a solvent of H89, was administered through a topical intranasal spray to the sham group. No treatment was involved in the allergic rhinitis group. H89 was administered through a topical intranasal spray to the H89 group. After the experiment, rat nasal tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and AQP5 (Aquaporin 5) antibodies. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed under a light microscope. Results: Vascular congestion, eosinophil infiltration, cilia loss, goblet cell proliferation, and degeneration in the mucosal glands were statistically significantly lower in the H89 group compared to the allergic rhinitis group. There was no statistical difference in the increase of connective tissue, vascular proliferation, or inflammatory cell infiltration. We posit that the histological improvements in the H89 group are due to the DMSO distribution of AQP5 was statistically significantly reduced in the H89 group compared to the allergic rhinitis group. Conclusion: H89 reduces the level of AQP5 but does not lessen allergic manifestations in the mucosa. DMSO, which we used as a solvent, did not affect the AQP5 level but reduced nasal inflammation

Farklı Yüzey İşlemleri ve Hızlandırılmış Yapay Yaşlandırmanın Monolitik Seramik Sistemlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Topografisi Üzerine Etkileri

Amaç: : Monolitik restorasyonlara farklı bitim protokolleri uygulanabilmektedir, ancak kullanılan yüzey işlemlerinin uzun dönem performansı hakkında bilgi kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı yüzey işlemleri ve hızlandırılmış yaşlandırmanın monolitik seramik sistemlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve topografisi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Monolitik zirkonya (Zirkonzahn, Prettau) ve lityum disilikat seramik (IPS e.max Press) materyallerinden disk şeklinde örnekler hazırlandı. Örnekler yüzey işlemine göre 3 alt gruba ayrıldı (n=10, G: glaze, L: polisaj kiti ve P: polisaj kitini takiben polisaj patı). Her bir gruptan seçilen bir örneğin yüzey topografisi tarama elektron mikroskobu (SEM; scanning electron microscopy) ile x1000 büyütmede incelendi. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri ise eskitme işlemi öncesi ve sonrasında profilometre cihazı ile gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen veriler; Kruskal Wallis, Conover'in çoklu karşılaştırma, Wilcoxon İşaret ve Mann Whitney U testleri kullanılarak istatistik olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular:Yüzey işlemleri ve materyal tipinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde etkisi anlamlı bulunurken yaşlandırmanın etkisinin anlamlı olmadığı görüldü (p<0.05). Zirkonya materyalinde yüzey pürüzlülük sıralaması G>L>P olarak bulundu. IPS materyalinde ise yaşlandırma öncesinde tüm grupların yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri benzer bulunurken yaşlandırma sonrasında L grubu değerleri diğerlerine kıyasla daha yüksek bulundu. SEM görüntüleri pürüzlülük verilerini doğruladı.Sonuçlar:Her iki materyal grubunda da en düzgün yüzey pat uygulanan örneklerde rastlandı. IPS materyalinde glaze işleminin de pat uygulaması kadar başarılı bulunmasına rağmen zirkonya materyalinde ise en pürüzlü yüzeye glaze işleminin sebep olduğu gözlendi. Yaşlandırmanın ise yüzey pürüzlülüğüne anlamlı etkisi tespit edilmedi.Anahtar Kelimeler:Lityum disilikat; tarayıcı elektron mikroskopisi; yttria stabilize dörtgen zirkon; yüzey özellikler

Employment of nanomaterials in polymerase chain reaction: insight into the impacts and putative operating mechanisms of nano-additives in PCR

The unique ability to rapidly amplify low copy number DNA has made in vitro Polymerase Chain Reaction one of the most fundamental techniques in modern biology. In order to harness this technique to its full potential, certain obstacles such as nonspecific by-products, low yield and complexity of GC rich and long genomic DNA amplification need to be surmounted. As in vitro PCR does not have any regulatory mechanisms unlike its counterpart in vivo DNA replication machinery, scientists often use a number of additives like glycerol, betaine, dimethyl sulphoxide and formamide in order to achieve the perfection of in vivo systems. In the last two decades nanotechnology has provided excellent solutions to many classical problems in various scientific fields including biotechnology and recently the PCR technique has begun to benefit from this so called “Nano Era”. In this review, the impacts of several nanomaterials on PCR efficiency, specificity and fidelity are described in accordance with the recent literature. Putative interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and primary PCR components are also addressed in a comprehensive manner

Characterization of FcγRIa (CD64) as a ligand molecule for site-specific IgG1 capture: A side-by-side comparison with protein a

Fc γreceptors (FcγRs) are one of the structures that can initiate effector function for monoclonal antibodies. FcγRIa has the highest affinity toward IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies among all FcγRs. In this study, a comprehensive characterization was performed for FcγRIa as a potential affinity ligand for IgG1-type monoclonal antibody binding. The binding interactions were assessed with the SPR technique using different immobilization techniques such as EDC-NHS coupling, streptavidin-biotin interaction, and His-tagged FcγRIa capture. The His-tagged FcγRIa capture was the most convenient method based on assay repeatability. Next, a crude IgG1 sample and its fractions with different monomer contents obtained from protein A affinity chromatography were used to evaluate FcγRIa protein in terms of monoclonal antibody binding capacity. The samples were also compared with a protein A-immobilized chip (a frequently used affinity ligand) for IgG1 binding responses. The antibody binding capacity of the protein A-immobilized chip surface was significantly better than that of the FcγRIa-immobilized chip surface due to its 5 Ig binding domains. The antibody binding responses changed similarly with protein A depending on the monomer content of the sample. Finally, a different configuration was used to assess the binding affinity of free FcγRs (FcγRIa, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa) to three different immobilized IgGs by immobilizing protein L to the chip surface. Unlike previous immobilization techniques tested where the FcγRIa was utilized as a ligand, nonimmobilized or free FcγRIa resulted in a significantly higher antibody binding response than free protein A. In this configuration, kinetics data of FcγRI revealed that the association rate (ka 50-80 × 105 M-1 s-1) increased in comparison to His capture method (1.9-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1). In addition, the dissociation rate (kd 10-5 s-1) seemed slower over the His capture method (10-4 s-1) and provided stability on the chip surface during the dissociation phase. The KD values for FcγRIa were found in the picomolar range (2.1-10.33 pM from steady-state affinity analysis and 37.5-46.2 pM from kinetic analysis) for IgG1-type antibodies. FcγRIa possesses comparable ligand potential as well as protein A. Even though the protein A-immobilized surface bound more antibodies than the FcγRIa-captured surface, FcγRIa presented a significant antibody binding capacity in protein L configuration. The results suggest FcγRIa protein as a potential ligand for site-oriented immobilization of IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies, and it needs further performance investigation on different surfaces and interfaces for applications such as sensing and antibody purification

Temperature and pH-dependent behaviors of mAb drugs: A case study for trastuzumab

The distortions in the high-order structure of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under different environmental conditions acutely affect mAb stability, resulting in altered safety, efficacy, and shelf-life profiles. The overall stability of mAbs depends on many factors, and it requires complementary techniques for an in-depth analysis. The stability of mAbs can be characterized by differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) techniques. In this report, temperature-ramped dynamic light scattering (DLS), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were employed as complementary tools to show how temperature and pH affect the aggregation of a model mAb, trastuzumab, in solution. The results showed that the aggregation onset temperature of trastuzumab defined by DLS was 75 degrees C, which decreases the amount of beta-sheets and causes a slight increase in helix structures. Moreover, the melting temperature of trastuzumab was determined to be between 80-83 degrees C by temperature-ramped CD spectrophotometry, which is in line with the Tm of trastuzumab's Fab region tested with DSC. Thus, unfolding and aggregation of trastuzumab start simultaneously at 75 degrees C, and unfolding triggers the aggregation. The temperature-ramped CD and DLS methods are robust tools to determine the thermal behavior of biosimilars in various solution conditions. Their complementary usage provides solid scientific background for regulatory applications and a better understanding of mAb instability and its relationship with structural changes

Functionalized graphitic carbon nitrides for environmental and sensing applications

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free semiconductor that has been widely regarded as a promising candidate for sustainable energy production or storage. In recent years, g-C3N4 has become the center of attention by virtue of its impressive properties, such as being inexpensive, easily fabricable, nontoxic, highly stable, and environment friendly. Herein, the recent research developments related to g-C3N4 are outlined, which sheds light on its future prospective. Various synthetic methods and their impact on the properties of g-C3N4 are detailed, along with discussion on frequently used characterization methods. Different approaches for g-C3N4 surface functionalization, mainly categorized under covalent and noncovalent strategies, are outlined. Moreover, the processing methods of g-C3N4, such as g-C3N4-based thin films, hierarchical, and hybrid structures, are explored. Next, compared with the extensively studied energy-related applications of the modified g-C(3)N(4)s, relatively less-examined areas, such as environmental and sensing, are presented. By highlighting the strong potential of these materials and the existing research gaps, new researchers are encouraged to produce functional g-C3N4-based materials using diverse surface modification and processing routes.UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) ; Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship Grant ; Leverhulme Trus

REAL-TIME WATER QUALITY MONITORING OF AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE USING A PORTABLE, AFFORDABLE, SIMPLE, ARDUINO-BASED OPEN SOURCE SENSOR

Water quality assessment is vital to identify existing problems and any changes that emerge in water sources over a period of time. Conventional water quality monitoring systems remain to be limited to on-site sample collection and further analysis in environmental laboratories. The progress in Arduino-based low-cost and open-source hardware has paved the way for the development of low-cost, portable, and on-site measuring platforms. In this work, we have assembled an Arduino-based open-source water testing platform out of commercially available sensors and controllers. The water testing system was powered by a 9 V battery and had the capability of measuring water turbidity, acidity, and temperature on-site in real-time. The calibration and validation studies were carried out to assess the measurement capabilities of turbidity and pH sensors in the lab using calibration samples and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. The water quality platform was tested in an artificial lake that is located at Sabanci University Campus (Istanbul, Turkey), which serves as a reservoir for treated wastewaters and rainwater. Untreated wastewater samples were collected from the wastewater treatment station of the university for comparison. The measurements performed on several locations along the coast of the artificial lake were also validated in the laboratory. The water testing platform showed significant potential for miniaturization and portability of such analytical platforms for on-site environmental monitoring

Galectin-3: a novel blood test for the classification of patients with COPD. An observational study

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of mortality and mortality affecting the whole world. In the inflammatory process, lectin is elevated and consequently, Galectin-3 expression is increased. This relation has been revealed by studies on coronary diseases. However, studies on the association of Galectin-3 with COPD and even other pulmonary diseases have been limited, although it has been studied and described on cardiologic patients. For this reason, in this study Galectin-3 levels in different stages of COPD patients were investigated and whether Galectin-3 could be a guide clinically.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational prospective study, approved by local ethic committee (30112015-12), which included three groups of patients, COPD exacerbation, COPD stable and control group, admitted to tertiary healthcare between 01.09.2016 and 01.09.2017.  RESULTS: 137 subjects were included in the study. The mean age of patients in the study was 70.6. Galectin- 3 level in the group of COPD (exacerbation and stable) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). The Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in COPD exacerbation group than groups of stable COPD and control. And also, Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in stable COPD group than the control group (p values: 0.034, 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). The ROC analysis for the Galectin-3 levels between the COPD patients (exacerbation and stable) and the control group is shown in Figure 2 (AUC = 0.784). When the cut-off points of Galectin-3 is selected as 11.4; for this cut-off point, sensitivity is 83% and specificity is 71% for this cut-off point (AUC: 0.79 %95 GA: 0.70–0.86 p < 0.001).  CONCLUSIONS: COPD is a disease with high mortality and morbidity and efforts are being made to identify its severity and exacerbations with various biomarkers. In this study, Galectin-3 levels were found to be lower in patients with stable COPD group according to the control group. In addition, galactin-3 levels were found to be lower in COPD exacerbation group according to both Stable COPD group and control group. Although a certain threshold value was found in this study, more studies are needed to determine this threshold value more precisely. However, it is clear that these data are promising