Hyperthermia enhances photodynamic therapy by regulation of HCP1 and ABCG2 expressions via high level ROS generation

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that make use of the cancer-specific accumulation of porphyrins. We have reported that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitROS) upregulate uptake transporter of porphyrins, heme carrier protein-1 (HCP-1). The accumulation of cancer-specific porphyrins was increased by mitROS production, thereby the cancer-specific PDT cytotoxicity was enhanced. Thus we investigated whether mitROS production by hyperthermia can enhanced the cytotoxicity of PDT or not. In this study, 1 h of hyperthermia at 42 °C increased the mitROS production, and both the accumulation of cancer-specific porphyrins and the PDT cytotoxicity increased. Moreover, the authors treated cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to examine the effect of mitROS. NAC inhibited the increasing ROS production after hyperthermia to restrain the post-treatment increase of cancer-specific porphyrins accumulation. Moreover, the increase of ROS production in cancer cells after hyperthermia upregulated HCP-1 expression and downregulated ABCG2 expression. These regulation were inhibited by NAC. These results suggest that hyperthermia treatment increased mitROS production, which involved HpD accumulation and enhanced PDT effects in cancer cells. The mechanism of this phenomenon was most likely to be due to both the upregulation of HCP-1 and the downregulation of ABCG2 by mitROS

The first success of glass eel production in the world: basic biology on fish reproduction advances new applied technology in aquaculture

The eel has long been esteemed as an important food fish in the world, especially in Japan, and has been used as an experimental fish for many fields of fish physiology. However, the decreases in eel resources have been a serious concern in recent years. The catches of glass eels as seedlings for aquaculture have shown a long-term decrease in both Europe and East Asia. To increase eel resources, the development of techniques for artificial induction of maturation and spawning and rearing their larvae have been eagerly desired. Recent progress of reproductive physiology of fish, especially mechanisms of oocyte maturation and ovulation in female and of spermatozoa maturation in male, facilitate to establish techniques for hormonal induction of maturation and spawning in sexually immature eels. With persistent effort to development of rearing techniques of larvae, we have first succeeded to produce glass eel. These applied techniques are may contribute to understand the basic reproductive physiology of the eel

Kakaisho owned by Doshisha Women\u27s College of Liberal Arts : the text with an introduction (1)

　『河海抄』は貞観元年 (1362年) 頃に四辻善成によって作られた『源氏物語』の注釈書であり、源氏学初期の集大成で、以後の注釈の規範的位置を示すものである。『河海抄』執筆の基本的姿勢は『源氏物語』を歴史の中に置き、いかにその文章や構想が歴史的事実に依拠したものであるかを詳細に説明している。特に、本報告で扱った「料簡」はその性格が強く、「いづれの御時にか」で繙かれる『源氏物語』の虚構世界を「醍醐・朱雀・村上天皇」の三代の御代に設定し、主人公光源氏の解釈も実在の歴史上の人物に依ることで、新たな『源氏物語』の読みを展開している。こういった視点は原典をより深く読むための手掛かりとなる。　そこで、本稿では同志社女子大学図書館蔵本を底本として、演習に参加した大学院生を中心に『河海抄』の翻刻と注釈を行った。今回の報告ではその中の「序」と「料簡」を掲載する

Id4, a New Candidate Gene for Senile Osteoporosis, Acts as a Molecular Switch Promoting Osteoblast Differentiation

Excessive accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes observed in senile osteoporosis or age-related osteopenia is caused by the unbalanced differentiation of MSCs into bone marrow adipocytes or osteoblasts. Several transcription factors are known to regulate the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation in the bone marrow have yet to be elucidated. To identify candidate genes associated with senile osteoporosis, we performed genome-wide expression analyses of differentiating osteoblasts and adipocytes. Among transcription factors that were enriched in the early phase of differentiation, Id4 was identified as a key molecule affecting the differentiation of both cell types. Experiments using bone marrow-derived stromal cell line ST2 and Id4-deficient mice showed that lack of Id4 drastically reduces osteoblast differentiation and drives differentiation toward adipocytes. On the other hand knockdown of Id4 in adipogenic-induced ST2 cells increased the expression of Pparγ2, a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Similar results were observed in bone marrow cells of femur and tibia of Id4-deficient mice. However the effect of Id4 on Pparγ2 and adipocyte differentiation is unlikely to be of direct nature. The mechanism of Id4 promoting osteoblast differentiation is associated with the Id4-mediated release of Hes1 from Hes1-Hey2 complexes. Hes1 increases the stability and transcriptional activity of Runx2, a key molecule of osteoblast differentiation, which results in an enhanced osteoblast-specific gene expression. The new role of Id4 in promoting osteoblast differentiation renders it a target for preventing the onset of senile osteoporosis

The Relationship among Perceptions toward Health Support, Motivation, and Competence for Healthy Eating

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived health support, motivation and competence for healthy diet. METHOD: 105 university students (20.0 ± 1.0 years) participated in the dietary survey. Health guidance based on the results of the dietary survey was provided to the participants. The guidance was conducted by the students in the program of national registered dietitian course. After the guidance, following three elements were measured; 1st was the perceived degree of being respected autonomy at the guidance; how one's own autonomy was respected and how one perceived it during the guidance, 2nd was motivation and 3rd was competence for healthy eating. RESULTS: Path analysis showed that perceived health support as being respected autonomy associated to autonomous motivation for healthy eating (β=.48), and autonomous motivation associated to competence to maintain healthy eating (β=.49). The degree of perceived being respected autonomy did not relate to controlled motivation for healthy eating. The controlled motivation did not relate to competence for healthy eating habits. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that when university students in the program of national registered dietitian course provided dietary guidance to their peers, offering support that values autonomy leads to autonomous motivation and competence for healthy eating habits.本研究はJSPS科研費JP19K11666の助成を受けたものである

The Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin Can Be Accelerated by a Combination of Hyperthermia and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid

Chemotherapy is cytotoxic to various cancer cells and as well as normal cells. Thus, treatments that demonstrate selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells are desired. The combination of chemotherapy and other cancer therapies can show synergic cytotoxicity, which may be a clue to the nature of the involved cancer cellar-specific damage. We previously reported a phenomenon whereby mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitROS) regulate the expression transporters involved in anticancer drug transport and mitROS production is increased by hyperthermia. Moreover, the uptake of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was enhanced by the increase in mitROS production. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of hyperthermia and ALA can enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. MitROS production and ALA-derived porphyrin accumulation by hyperthermia (HT) were increased in a murine breast cancer cell line. The expression of solute carrier 15A1 (SLC15A1) upregulated and an ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) downregulated by HT. Since SLC15A1 is an accumulating transporter for ALA, while ABCG2 is a porphyrin efflux transporter, porphyrin accumulation was enhanced. ABCG2 is also a doxorubicin efflux transporter. Thus, ALA treatment accelerates the intracellular concentration of porphyrin, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of doxorubicin. Indeed, the amount of intracellular doxorubicin was increased by a combination of HT and ALA. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was also enhanced. This enhancement was observed in the human breast cancer cell line while it was not seen in normal cells. The combination of HT and ALA treatment can enhance the cancer-specific cytotoxicity of doxorubicin