A survey on the living conditions of parents who have experienced child abuse in the Philippines: towards the development of a child abuse prevention program

Child abuse is a widespread and serious problem in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to determine the reality of the lives of parents who have experienced child abuse, and to develop an abuse prevention program tailored to the reality of the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents who have experienced child abuse and their supporters to collect data and conduct a thematic analysis. The results showed that many parents in the Philippines were found to be in a situation similar to the Family Stress Model. In addition, it was speculated that parents were more likely to have lived in an environment where they were at high risk for inappropriate parenting during their childhoods.本論文は令和2年度に広島大学大学院教育学研究科に提出された修士論文の一部を抜粋し，加筆，修正したものである

Development of “Feeling Share Pocket Chart” to Support Understanding of Other’s: Prevention of Miscommunication Under COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to develop "Feeling Share Pocket Chart". COVID-19 is, to children in high stress state, caused the miscommunication. "Feeling Share Pocket Chart" was used to promote understanding of other’s emotions and prevent miscommunication. This study were administered at the start of class in a regular public elementary school classroom. This class of 23 fifth graders (12 boys, 11girls) participated in this study. "Feeling Share Pocket Chart" reduced children's stress and anger. Also, it revealed their emotions and physical condition under COVID-19.井上弥先生・樋口聡先生退職記念特集

The Research on the Effects of the Development of Competencies of Teacher Training Program through Clinical Education Practicum; the comparison by PAC analysis of graduates from master’s program.

This study is to verify the effectiveness of clinical training program in teacher training. The Center of Educational Research and Practice provides variation of practicum opportunities for the graduate students in teacher training program, aimed to enhance their competencies as a teacher. Data was collected by structured interview using PAC (Personal Attitude Construct) analysis to verify difference between three groups of six graduates who had no participation, partial participation, and full participation. The results showed partial and full participation group had built confidence in their assessment skills and intervention skills for children as well as ability to search for methods dealing with children and parents in school settings. Additionally, the full participation group, who experienced providing individual social skills training to children, showed higher confidence by systemizing their experience of training program in practice, and formed positive self-perception about own skills. However, all group showed difficulty in modifying the theory and methods they had learned into their practices

Manuscript for Hiroshima journal of school education

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to consider the desirable way of educational guidance that accepts diversity that will be required in the future in Japan by referring to Hawaii's educational practice that accepts diversity and tries to respond to the needs of all children. The authors visited K5 school, K6 school, and two K12 schools, and find how effective to do UDL, PBIS, and SEL. In this paper, the authors suggest what is important for the whole person education

RUNX3 Has an Oncogenic Role in Head and Neck Cancer

Background: Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a tumor suppressor of cancer and appears to be an important component of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)-induced tumor suppression pathway. Surprisingly, we found that RUNX3 expression level in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues, which is one of the most common types of human cancer, was higher than that in normal tissues by a previously published microarray dataset in our preliminary study. Therefore, here we examined the oncogenic role of RUNX3 in HNSCC. Principal Findings: Frequent RUNX3 expression and its correlation with malignant behavior were observed in HNSCC. Ectopic RUNX3 overexpression promoted cell growth and inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis and chemotherapeutic drug induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells. These findings were confirmed by RUNX3 knockdown. Moreover, RUNX3 overexpression enhanced tumorsphere formation. RUNX3 expression level was well correlated with the methylation status in HNSCC cells. Moreover, RUNX3 expression was low due to the methylation of its promoter in normal oral epithelial cells. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings suggest that i) RUNX3 has an oncogenic role in HNSCC, ii) RUNX3 expression observed in HNSCC may be caused in part by demethylation during cancer development, and iii) RUNX3 expression can b

RUNX3 Has an Oncogenic Role

Background: Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a tumor suppressor of cancer and appears to be an important component of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)-induced tumor suppression pathway. Surprisingly, we found that RUNX3 expression level in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues, which is one of the most common types of human cancer, was higher than that in normal tissues by a previously published microarray dataset in our preliminary study. Therefore, here we examined the oncogenic role of RUNX3 in HNSCC. Principal Findings: Frequent RUNX3 expression and its correlation with malignant behavior were observed in HNSCC. Ectopic RUNX3 overexpression promoted cell growth and inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis and chemotherapeutic drug induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells. These findings were confirmed by RUNX3 knockdown. Moreover, RUNX3 overexpression enhanced tumorsphere formation. RUNX3 expression level was well correlated with the methylation status in HNSCC cells. Moreover, RUNX3 expression was low due to the methylation of its promoter in normal oral epithelial cells. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings suggest that i) RUNX3 has an oncogenic role in HNSCC, ii) RUNX3 expression observed in HNSCC may be caused in part by demethylation during cancer development, and iii) RUNX3 expression can be a useful marker for predicting malignant behavior and the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in HNSCC

Career development support in Singapore education system: The ECG approach

The aim of this paper is to examine the Education and Career Guidance (ECG) program in Singapore, and acquire implication for further development of Japanese carrier education. This research draws upon the previous studies and inspection tour in Singapore, focusing on the education system, structure of ECG, and implementation of ECG. The ECG program promotes lifelong learning ability to prepare the students for their future, provides three-tier-support system according to individual needs, deploys ECG counselor to promote the program, and assure the quality of the program and skills of ECG counselor and teachers by providing trainings. The finding implies that the future Japanese carrier education needs to deploy carrier education professionals, and provide the three tier-support system as well as to improve training system and implementation

Phytoceramide and sphingoid bases derived from brewer's yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARα is highly expressed in the liver and controls genes involved in lipid catabolism. We previously reported that synthetic sphingolipid analogs, part of which contains shorter-length fatty acid chains than natural sphingolipids, stimulated the transcriptional activities of PPARs. Sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) are abundant sphingoid bases, and ceramide and dihydroceramide are major ceramide species in mammals. In contrast, phytosphingosine (PHS) and DHS are the main sphingoid bases in fungi. PHS and phytoceramide exist in particular tissues such as the epidermis in mammals, and involvement of ceramide species in PPARβ activation in cultured keratinocytes has been reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether natural sphingolipids with C18 fatty acid and yeast-derived sphingoid bases activate PPARs as PPAR agonists.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Lipids of brewer's yeast contain PHS- and DHS-based sphingolipids. To obtain the sphingoid bases, lipids were extracted from brewer's yeast and acid-hydrolyzed. The sphingoid base fraction was purified and quantified. To assess the effects of sphingolipids on PPAR activation, luciferase reporter assay was carried out. NIH/3T3 and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells were transfected with expression vectors for PPARs and retinoid × receptors, and PPAR responsive element reporter vector. When indicated, the PPAR/Gal4 chimera system was performed to enhance the credibility of experiments. Sphingolipids were added to the cells and the dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the transcriptional activity of PPARs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed that phytoceramide increased the transcriptional activities of PPARs significantly, whereas ceramide and dihydroceramide did not change PPAR activities. Phytoceramide also increased transactivation of PPAR/Gal4 chimera receptors. Yeast-derived sphingoid base fraction, which contained PHS and DHS, or authentic PHS or DHS increased PPAR-dependent transcription. Additionally, phytoceramide stimulated PPARα activity in HepG2 hepatocytes, suggesting that phytoceramide activates genes regulated by PPARα.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Phytoceramide and yeast-derived sphingoid bases activate PPARs, whereas ceramide and dihydroceramide do not change the PPAR activity. The present findings suggest that phytoceramide acts as a PPAR ligand that would regulate PPAR-targeted genes.</p