FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop the formulation and in vitro evaluation of Orodispersible tablets by wet granulation method using Donepezil HCl as a model drug to enhance patient compliance. Methods: In the wet granulation method, a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used along with superdisintegrants, i.e., croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. The prepared granules were subjected to both pre and post-compression evaluation parameters including; FTIR spectroscopy, micromeritics properties, tablet weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Results: FTIR studies indicated that there was nointeraction between the drug and the excipients used. The formulation containing high concentration of crospovidone and mixture as the best formulation F2 based on in vitro drug release characteristics of tablet formulation. Conclusion: The results of this work suggested that orodispersible tablets of Donepezil hydrochloride with rapid disintegration time, fast drug release and good hardness can be efficiently and successfully formulated by wet granulation method

TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES FOR ACQUIRED AND HEREDITARY DISEASES BY GENE THERAPY: A REVIEW

Therapeutic nucleic acids demand specificity and accuracy in design as well as delivery strategies used in replacement or silencing of the target gene. Gene therapy is believed to be the therapy in which the root cause of the diseases can be treated at the molecular level. Generally gene therapy helps in the identification of the origin of the disorder instead of using drugs to diminish or control the symptoms. The application of nucleic acids to treat and control diseases is known as “gene therapy.” Gene therapy consists on the substitution or addition of a functional gene into the nucleus of a living cell, in order to treat a disease or repair a dysfunction, caused by this gene failure. This therapy is used to correct defective genes, which are responsible for genetic diseases. Thus, gene therapy can be used to prevent, treat or regulate hereditary or acquired disorders, by the production of therapeutic proteins. The gene therapy is mediated by the use of viral and non-viral vectors to transport foreign genes into somatic cells to restorative defective genes. This review focuses on viral vectors in detail

REVIEW ON CUBOSOMES

Cubosomes are stable nanostructured liquid crystalline particles which are made of a specific group of amphiphilic lipids in definite proper ratio in water and then stabilised by biocompatible substances like triblock polymer. Cubosomes are curved bicontinuous cubic phase liquid crystals and they can split to form thermodynamically stable particulate dispersions. Cubosomes have biocompatible and bio-adhesive properties andare capable of loading 3D bilayered structure resembling honeycomb (carvenous) like structure by encapsulating lipophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic substances. Cubosomes are administered through different ways such as orally, parenterally and percutaneously. Cubosomes are versatile systems in their structure for drug delivery systems

EXOSOME NANOCARRIERS: BASIC BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, NOVEL AND PERSPECTIVE APPROACH IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

Exosomes are the extracellular vesicles surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer shed from all cell varieties and plays a significant role in the communication and Transportation of materials between the cells due to their ability to transfer the proteins and nucleic acids from One cell to the another cell. Analogous in size and performance to synthetic nanoparticles, exosomes provide several Advantages, rendering them the foremost promising candidates for targeted drug or gene delivery vehicles. This review highlights the isolation techniques and delivery potential of exosomes, and equally presents research or analysis gaps for enhancing the use of natural vesicles for delivery functions. Exosome-based drug formulations can be applied to an extensive variety of diseases such as various infectious, cardiovascular, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Mostly, exosomes combine the benefits of both synthetic nanocarriers and cell-mediated drug delivery systems however avoiding their limitations

PRONIOSOMES: A VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

In the development of new dosage forms, drug delivery using nanotechnology is playing a vital role. Vesicular drug delivery systems have gained wide attention in the field of nanotechnology, such as niosomes, liposomes and proniosomes. Among the vesicular carriers, proniosomes are superior. Proniosomes are water-soluble carrier particles that are coated with surfactant so these are dry formulations. They are rehydrated to use on agitation in hot aqueous media within minutes to form niosomal dispersion immediately. Both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugscan be incorporated into these proteasomes. The physical stability problems of niosomes like aggregation, fusion and leaking are minimized in proniosomes, routes, such as oral, parenteral, dermal and transdermal, ocular, oral mucosal, vaginal, pulmonary, and intranasal. Proniosomes prolong the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation and finally reduces toxicity. This review focuses on different aspects of proniosomes such as preparation, characterization, in vitro drug release, entrapment efficiency, applications in the present scenario in the market and future trends

HYDROGEL: RESPONSIVE STRUCTURES FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Hydrogels are water-swollen 3D networks made of polymers, proteins, small molecules, or colloids. They are porous in structure and entrap/encapsulate large amounts of therapeutic agents and biopharmaceuticals. Their unique properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, sensitivity to various stimuli, and the ability to be easily conjugated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with a controlled-release profile make hydrogels a smart drug delivery system. Smart hydrogel systems with various chemically and structurally responsive moieties exhibit responsiveness to external stimuli including temperature, pH, ionic concentration, light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, and chemical and biological stimuli with selected triggers includes polymers with multiple responsive properties have also been developed elegantly combining two or more stimuli-responsive mechanisms. This article emphasized the types, features, and various stimuli systems that produce responsive delivery of drugs

Influence of La3+ on structural, magnetic, dielectric, electrical and modulus spectroscopic characteristics of single phase CoFe2−xLaxO4 nanoparticles

In this work, we have studied the influence of La3+ substitution on structural, magnetic, dielectric, electrical and modulus spectroscopic characteristics of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by starch-assisted sol–gel combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of single-phase CoFe2−xLaxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy study also reveals the formation of single phase spinel ferrite crystal structure. The morphological feature of synthesized ferrite nanoparticle was observed by scanning electron microscopy that demonstrate formation of spherical nanoparticles with grain size 10–50 nm. The presence of constituent’s, i.e., Co, Fe and La were authenticated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The magnetic parameters are measured by employing vibrating sample magnetometer. The saturation magnetization decreases with La3+ substitution, whereas coercivity shows anomalous behaviour. Cation redistribution in spinel ferrite nanoparticles are confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The variation of dielectric constant (ϵ′, ϵʺ), loss tangent (tanδ), ac conductivity (σ), electric modulus (M′, Mʺ) and impedance (Z′, Zʺ) as a function of La3+ ion concentration and frequency has been investigated. The dielectric constant and ac conductivity increases with increase of La3+ substitution, whereas dielectric loss tangent exhibits anomalous behaviour. The modulus spectra reveal two semicircles associated with grain and grain boundary effects. The cole–cole plots in modulus formalism show that the electrical characteristics contribute from both the grains and grain boundaries. Modulus spectra suggest that the distribution of relaxation times and conduction mechanism are influenced by La3+ ion substitution in cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic-Program NPU I [LO1504