10,634 research outputs found
Mass function of haloes: scale invariant models
Press-Schechter theory gives a simple, approximate functional form of the
mass function of dark matter haloes. Sheth and Tormen (ST) refined this mass
function to give an improved analytical fit to results of N-body simulations.
These forms of the halo mass function are universal (independent of cosmology
and power spectrum) when scaled in suitable variables. Using large suites of
LCDM N-body simulations, studies in the last few years have shown that this
universality is only approximate. We explore whether some of the deviations
from universality can be attributed to the power spectrum by computing the mass
function in N-body simulations of various scale-free models in an Einstein-de
Sitter cosmology. This choice of cosmology does not introduce any scale into
the problem. These models have the advantage of being self-similar, hence
stringent checks can be imposed while running these simulations. This set of
numerical experiments is designed to isolate any power spectrum dependent
departures from universality of mass functions. We show explicitly that the
best fit ST parameters have a clear dependence on power spectrum. Our results
also indicate that an improved analytical theory with more parameters is
required in order to provide better fits to the mass function.Comment: 8 pages, four figure
An investigation of the compressive strength of PRD-49-3/Epoxy composites
The development of unidirectional fiber composite materials is discussed. The mechanical and physical properties of the materials are described. Emphasis is placed in analyzing the compressive behavior of composite materials and developing methods for increasing compressive strength. The test program for evaluating the various procedures for improving compressive strength are reported
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A bacterial gene-drive system efficiently edits and inactivates a high copy number antibiotic resistance locus.
Gene-drive systems in diploid organisms bias the inheritance of one allele over another. CRISPR-based gene-drive expresses a guide RNA (gRNA) into the genome at the site where the gRNA directs Cas9-mediated cleavage. In the presence of Cas9, the gRNA cassette and any linked cargo sequences are copied via homology-directed repair (HDR) onto the homologous chromosome. Here, we develop an analogous CRISPR-based gene-drive system for the bacterium Escherichia coli that efficiently copies a gRNA cassette and adjacent cargo flanked with sequences homologous to the targeted gRNA/Cas9 cleavage site. This "pro-active" genetic system (Pro-AG) functionally inactivates an antibiotic resistance marker on a high copy number plasmid with ~ 100-fold greater efficiency than control CRISPR-based methods, suggesting an amplifying positive feedback loop due to increasing gRNA dosage. Pro-AG can likewise effectively edit large plasmids or single-copy genomic targets or introduce functional genes, foreshadowing potential applications to biotechnology or biomedicine
Formation rates of Dark Matter Haloes
We derive an estimate of the rate of formation of dark matter halos per unit
volume as a function of the halo mass and redshift of formation. Analytical
estimates of the number density of dark matter halos are useful in modeling
several cosmological phenomena. We use the excursion set formalism for
computing the formation rate of dark matter halos. We use an approach that
allows us to differentiate between major and minor mergers, as this is a
pertinent issue for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. We compute the
formation rate for the Press-Schechter and the Sheth-Tormen mass function. We
show that the formation rate computed in this manner is positive at all scales.
We comment on the Sasaki formalism where negative halo formation rates are
obtained. Our estimates compare very well with N-Body simulations for a variety
of models. We also discuss the halo survival probability and the formation
redshift distributions using our method.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure
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