55 research outputs found
Random variables rather than distribution functions, a different and useful approach in statistics
On tight immersions of maximal codimension
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46589/1/222_2005_Article_BF01404629.pd
Duality properties of indicatrices of knots
The bridge index and superbridge index of a knot are important invariants in
knot theory. We define the bridge map of a knot conformation, which is closely
related to these two invariants, and interpret it in terms of the tangent
indicatrix of the knot conformation. Using the concepts of dual and derivative
curves of spherical curves as introduced by Arnold, we show that the graph of
the bridge map is the union of the binormal indicatrix, its antipodal curve,
and some number of great circles. Similarly, we define the inflection map of a
knot conformation, interpret it in terms of the binormal indicatrix, and
express its graph in terms of the tangent indicatrix. This duality relationship
is also studied for another dual pair of curves, the normal and Darboux
indicatrices of a knot conformation. The analogous concepts are defined and
results are derived for stick knots.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
On Conformal Infinity and Compactifications of the Minkowski Space
Using the standard Cayley transform and elementary tools it is reiterated
that the conformal compactification of the Minkowski space involves not only
the "cone at infinity" but also the 2-sphere that is at the base of this cone.
We represent this 2-sphere by two additionally marked points on the Penrose
diagram for the compactified Minkowski space. Lacks and omissions in the
existing literature are described, Penrose diagrams are derived for both,
simple compactification and its double covering space, which is discussed in
some detail using both the U(2) approach and the exterior and Clifford algebra
methods. Using the Hodge * operator twistors (i.e. vectors of the
pseudo-Hermitian space H_{2,2}) are realized as spinors (i.e., vectors of a
faithful irreducible representation of the even Clifford algebra) for the
conformal group SO(4,2)/Z_2. Killing vector fields corresponding to the left
action of U(2) on itself are explicitly calculated. Isotropic cones and
corresponding projective quadrics in H_{p,q} are also discussed. Applications
to flat conformal structures, including the normal Cartan connection and
conformal development has been discussed in some detail.Comment: 38 pages, 8 figures, late
Central extensions of groups of sections
If q : P -> M is a principal K-bundle over the compact manifold M, then any
invariant symmetric V-valued bilinear form on the Lie algebra k of K defines a
Lie algebra extension of the gauge algebra by a space of bundle-valued 1-forms
modulo exact forms. In the present paper we analyze the integrability of this
extension to a Lie group extension for non-connected, possibly
infinite-dimensional Lie groups K. If K has finitely many connected components
we give a complete characterization of the integrable extensions. Our results
on gauge groups are obtained by specialization of more general results on
extensions of Lie groups of smooth sections of Lie group bundles. In this more
general context we provide sufficient conditions for integrability in terms of
data related only to the group K.Comment: 54 pages, revised version, to appear in Ann. Glob. Anal. Geo
Hamiltonian submanifolds of regular polytopes
We investigate polyhedral -manifolds as subcomplexes of the boundary
complex of a regular polytope. We call such a subcomplex {\it -Hamiltonian}
if it contains the full -skeleton of the polytope. Since the case of the
cube is well known and since the case of a simplex was also previously studied
(these are so-called {\it super-neighborly triangulations}) we focus on the
case of the cross polytope and the sporadic regular 4-polytopes. By our results
the existence of 1-Hamiltonian surfaces is now decided for all regular
polytopes.
Furthermore we investigate 2-Hamiltonian 4-manifolds in the -dimensional
cross polytope. These are the "regular cases" satisfying equality in Sparla's
inequality. In particular, we present a new example with 16 vertices which is
highly symmetric with an automorphism group of order 128. Topologically it is
homeomorphic to a connected sum of 7 copies of . By this
example all regular cases of vertices with or, equivalently, all
cases of regular -polytopes with are now decided.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figure
Secondary somatic mutations restoring RAD51C and RAD51D associated with acquired resistance to the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in high-grade ovarian carcinoma
High-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas (OC) containing mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) homologous recombination (HR) genes are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), while restoration of HR function due to secondary mutations in BRCA1/2 has been recognized as an important resistance mechanism. We sequenced core HR pathway genes in 12 pairs of pre-treatment and post-progression tumor biopsy samples collected from patients in ARIEL2 Part 1, a phase 2 study of the PARPi rucaparib as treatment for platinum-sensitive, relapsed OC. In six of 12 pre-treatment biopsies, a truncation mutation in BRCA1, RAD51C or RAD51D was identified. In five of six paired post-progression biopsies, one or more secondary mutations restored the open reading frame. Four distinct secondary mutations and spatial heterogeneity were observed for RAD51C. In vitro complementation assays and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX), as well as predictive molecular modeling, confirmed that resistance to rucaparib was associated with secondary mutations
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