Rectal carcinoid tumor with bone marrow and osteoblastic bone metastasis: A case report

Rectal carcinoids comprise 12.6% of all carcinoid tumors and represent the third largest group of the gut carcinoids. A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. She had liver, bone, and bone marrow metastasis. Carcinoid syndrome was diagnosed due to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and high level of 24-hour urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (160 mg/24 hours). No response was obtained by octreotide treatment. Rectal carcinoid tumors usually show favorable prognosis; however, poorly differentiated tumors might have unusually aggressive behavior and resistance to treatment. Bone marrow involvement might be a poor prognostic factor in carcinoid tumor as has been the case in many other tumors

HACE1 Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene Candidate in Natural Killer Cell Neoplasms

HACE1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in 6q21, the genomic region frequently deleted in natural killer (NK) cell malignancies. Here, we report HACE1 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene silenced through a combination of deletion and cytosine phosphate guanine island hypermethylation. We detected deletion of HACE1 in malignant NK cell lines (6 of 9, 67%) and primary biopsies (5 of 15, 33%) by quantitative PCR, with most of the specimen showing cytosine phosphate guanine island hypermethylation in the remaining allele, Leading to Low mRNA transcription. The ectopic expression of HACE1 in an HACE1-null NK cell Line led to apoptosis and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, HACE1 expression was up-regulated in IL-2-activated normal NK cells and NK cells cocultured with an engineered NK cell target, K562 Clone 9.mbIL21, suggesting its rote in the regulation of NK cell homeostasis. In conclusion, HACE1 is another potent tumor suppressor gene located within the 6q21 region, and loss of function of multiple tumor suppressor genes within 6q21 may be a critical determinant of NK cell Lymphomagenesis. (Am J Pathol 2013, 182: 49-55; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.012)PathologySCI(E)9ARTICLE149-5518

Global Promoter Methylation Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma

Purpose: To Identify tumor suppressor genes epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma (NKCL)