Imbibition in Disordered Media

The physics of liquids in porous media gives rise to many interesting phenomena, including imbibition where a viscous fluid displaces a less viscous one. Here we discuss the theoretical and experimental progress made in recent years in this field. The emphasis is on an interfacial description, akin to the focus of a statistical physics approach. Coarse-grained equations of motion have been recently presented in the literature. These contain terms that take into account the pertinent features of imbibition: non-locality and the quenched noise that arises from the random environment, fluctuations of the fluid flow and capillary forces. The theoretical progress has highlighted the presence of intrinsic length-scales that invalidate scale invariance often assumed to be present in kinetic roughening processes such as that of a two-phase boundary in liquid penetration. Another important fact is that the macroscopic fluid flow, the kinetic roughening properties, and the effective noise in the problem are all coupled. Many possible deviations from simple scaling behaviour exist, and we outline the experimental evidence. Finally, prospects for further work, both theoretical and experimental, are discussed.Comment: Review article, to appear in Advances in Physics, 53 pages LaTe

Microbial fuel cells for a soil-based green energy conversion system

This paper presents technological aspects, operating principle and scientific applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for a soil-based green energy conversion system. MFC provides a likely low cost, a highly efficient and renewable energy-producing alternative to conventional energy resources. Only a few biosensors MFC have been used practically, providing current for low power devices. To further improve the MFC technology, an understanding of the limitations and microbiology of these systems are required. Some researchers are uncovering that the importance of the MFC technology is not only the production of electricity but the ability of electrode associated microbes to degrade wastes and toxic chemicals. This paper provides a platform to explore the possibilities of generating renewable power using biomass and the working principle of the MFC technology with its applications. The soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology is also implemented in the soil for green electricity generation

Proteome-wide identification of ubiquitin interactions using UbIA-MS

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