CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ORGANIZATION ACADEMIC ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF THE COLLEGE

В статье рассматривается проблема изучения роли психологических характеристик в самоорганизации учебной деятельности студентов колледжа. Автор определяет теоретико-методологические аспекты, эффективные формы и методы изучения самоорганизации учебной деятельности студентов колледжаThe problem of the level of development self-organization of College students. The author describes the theoretical and methodological aspects of effective forms and methods of studying the self-organization of educational activity of students of the Colleg

Secondary education reform in Lesotho and Zimbabwe and the needs of rural girls: Pronouncements, policy and practice

Analysis of the educational needs of rural girls in Lesotho and Zimbabwe suggests a number of shortcomings in the current form of secondary education, and ways in which it might be modified so as to serve this sizeable group of students better. Several of the shortcomings, notably in relation to curricular irrelevance and excessive focus on examinations, have long been recognised, including by politicians. Yet political pronouncements are seldom translated into policy, and even where policy is formulated, reforms are seldom implemented in schools. This paper makes use of interviews with educational decision-makers in the two southern African countries and a range of documentary sources to explore why, despite the considerable differences between the two contexts, much needed educational reforms have been implemented in neither

ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ИНСУЛИНОМ И НЕЗИДИОБЛАСТОЗА ПРИ СИНДРОМЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ГИПЕРИНСУЛИНИЗМА

Insulinoma is the most frequently seen functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 42 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms diagnosed pathomorpgologically and treated at the A. V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, between 2011 and 2015. Results: The sensitivity in the detection of insulinoma was as follows: ultrasound - 62%, CT - 82%, MRI - 87,5%, endoscopic ultrasound - 83,3%, intraoperative ultrasound - 94,8%. Conclusions: The presence of the tumor before the operation must be confirmed by at least 2 instrumental diagnostic methods. Nesidioblastosis be suspected when a negative search result insulinoma all methods, but the final verification of the disease is possible only at the morphological study.Инсулиномы - это наиболее распространенные функционирующие опухоли поджелудочной железы, которые являются причиной синдрома органического гиперинсулинизма. Ретроспективно проанализированы результаты обследования 42 пациентов с гистологически подтвержденными нейроэндокринными неоплазиями поджелудочной железы, находившихся на лечении в нашем Институт хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского в период с 2011 по 2015 г. Протоколы дооперационных исследований мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ), магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ), эндоскопического ультразвукового исследования (эндо-УЗИ) сопоставлены с интраоперационными данными и результатами морфологического заключения. Чувствительность в выявлении инсулином составила: УЗИ - 62%, МСКТ - 82%, МРТ - 87,5%, эндо-УЗИ - 83,3%, ИОУЗИ - 94,8%. Наличие опухоли перед операцией должно быть подтверждено не менее чем двумя методами инструментальной диагностики. Незидиобластоз можно заподозрить при отрицательном результате поиска инсулиномы всеми методами лучевой диагностики, однако окончательная верификация этого заболевания возможна только при морфологическом исследовании

Nothing a Hot Bath Won't Cure: Infection Rates of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Correlate Negatively with Water Temperature under Natural Field Settings

Dramatic declines and extinctions of amphibian populations throughout the world have been associated with chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease caused by the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Previous studies indicated that Bd prevalence correlates with cooler temperatures in the field, and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that Bd ceases growth at temperatures above 28°C. Here we investigate how small-scale variations in water temperature correlate with Bd prevalence in the wild. We sampled 221 amphibians, including 201 lowland leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] yavapaiensis), from 12 sites in Arizona, USA, and tested them for Bd. Amphibians were encountered in microhabitats that exhibited a wide range of water temperatures (10–50°C), including several geothermal water sources. There was a strong inverse correlation between the water temperature in which lowland leopard frogs were captured and Bd prevalence, even after taking into account the influence of year, season, and host size. In locations where Bd was known to be present, the prevalence of Bd infections dropped from 75–100% in water <15°C, to less than 10% in water >30°C. A strong inverse correlation between Bd infection status and water temperature was also observed within sites. Our findings suggest that microhabitats where water temperatures exceed 30°C provide lowland leopard frogs with significant protection from Bd, which could have important implications for disease dynamics, as well as management applications

Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Society of Surgeons, the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the Association of Surgeons-Hepatologists and the Endoscopic Society “REndO” on Diagnostics and Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis

Aim: to present modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis for gastroenterologists, general practitioners and physicians.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a long-term inflammatory disease of the pancreas, manifested by irreversible morphological changes in the parenchyma and pancreatic ducts, which cause pain and/or persistent impairment of function. Current concept on the etiology of CP is reflected by the TIGAR-O classification. The criteria for establishing the diagnosis of CP include typical attacks of abdominal pain and/or clinical and laboratory signs of exocrine, endocrine insufficiency with the mandatory detection of characteristic morphological changes (calcifications in the parenchyma and pancreatic ductal stones, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and its branches). CT, MRCP, and pancreatobiliary endosonography are recommended as the methods of choice to verify the diagnosis of CP. Conservative treatment of patients with CP is provided for symptom relief and prevention of complications. Individual cases with severe non-interactable abdominal pain, as well as a complicated course of the disease (development of ductal hypertension due to main pancreatic duct stones or strictures, obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the common bile duct, symptomatic postnecrotic cysts, portal hypertension due to compression of the portal vein or thrombosis of the splenic vein, persistent duodenal obstruction, pseudoaneurysm of the celiac trunk basin and the superior mesenteric artery) serve as an indication for endoscopic or surgical treatment. The Guidelines set out modern approaches to the diagnosis, conservative, endoscopic and surgical treatment of CP, and the prevention of its complications.Conclusion. The implementation of clinical guidelines can contribute to the timely diagnosis and improve the quality of medical care for patients with chronic pancreatitis