ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MYRISTICA FATUA VAR. MAGNIFICA (BEDDOME) SINCLAIR

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different extracts of Myristica fatua.Methods: Antioxidant potential of different extracts of M. fatua was analyzed by following 2, 2-diphenyl -1-picryl hydrazyl and reducing power assay.Extracts were also screened against two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts wasdetermined by macrodilution technique and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values by subculturing method. Phenolics and flavonoidswere determined by standard procedures. An attempt was made to analyze the correlation between antibacterial and antioxidant activity withphenols and flavonoids using Pearson's correlation.Results: Bark hexane extract showed the significantly high amount of phenolics 195 (gallic acid equivalent[GAE]/mg), whereas testa methanolicextract showed significantly highest flavonoids (332 mg quercetin equivalent [QE]/g). Ethyl acetate extracts of testa and methanolic extracts of kerneland aril exhibited a better antioxidant activity in terms of ICvalues. The MBC assay revealed that chloroform extract of aril at the concentration of5 mg/ml was enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Flavonoids were moderately correlated with reducing power.50 Conclusion: Our study suggests that the possibility of using the aril and seed extracts as a natural food preservative and other parts as a new sourceof natural antioxidants for pharmaceutical industries.Keywords: Myristica fatua var. magnifica, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Antioxidant, Antibacterial

RAPID IN VITRO CALLOGENESIS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF, STEM AND LEAF CALLUS OF MUSSAENDA FRONDOSA LINN. - A MEDICINAL PLANT.

Objective: To standardise the protocol for rapid callogenesis in Mussaenda frondosa L. using leaf explants. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaf, stem and callus cultures.Methods: The leaf explants were inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of growth regulators such as 2, 4 - D, NAA, BAP, Kn for the induction of callus. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids contents of leaf, stem and callus were tested by standard methods.  The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging method and reducing power assay. The anti - inflammatory activity was evaluated by membrane stabilizing activity.Results: Pale green, healthy, friable and fast growing callus was obtained on the medium enriched with NAA (2mg/l) + Kn (4mg/l). Quantitative determination showed the highest concentration of total phenolics in the methanolic extract of in vitro grown callus (10 ± 1.1 mg of GA/g of extract), flavonoids in methanolic stem extract (137±1.6 mg of Quercitin/g of extract) and alkaloids in methanolic extract of leaf (118.3±1.5 mg/10g of extract). The methanolic leaf extract exhibited highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 40.6±10.06 μg/ml. The highest membrane stabilizing activity was shown by chloroform extract of the leaf (66.02%).Conclusion: The present preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological analysis may form the basis for drug development in future using callus cultures of M. frondosa.  Â

Report of Acoustic Test on PSLV IS.1/2L Structure

The results of acoustic conducted on PSLV IS.1/2L at Acoustic Test Facility are briefly given. It contains test set up, Instrumentation details and tables of spectral response

Biochemical Characterization and Evaluation of a Brugia malayi Small Heat Shock Protein as a Vaccine against Lymphatic Filariasis

Filarial nematodes enjoy one of the longest life spans of any human pathogen due to effective immune evasion strategies developed by the parasite. Among the various immune evasion strategies exhibited by the parasite, Interleukin 10 (IL-10) productions and IL-10 mediated immune suppression has significant negative impact on the host immune system. Recently, we identified a small heat shock protein expressed by Brugia malayi (BmHsp12.6) that can bind to soluble human IL-10 receptor alpha (IL-10R) and activate IL-10 mediated effects in cell lines. In this study we show that the IL-10R binding region of BmHsp12.6 is localized to its N-terminal region. This region has significant sequence similarity to the receptor binding region of human IL-10. In vitro studies confirm that the N-terminal region of BmHsp12.6 (N-BmHsp12.6) has IL-10 like activity and the region containing the alpha crystalline domain and C-terminus of BmHsp12.6 (BmHsp12.6αc) has no IL-10 like activity. However, BmHsp12.6αc contains B cell, T cell and CTL epitopes. Members of the sHSP families are excellent vaccine candidates. Evaluation of sera samples from putatively immune endemic normal (EN) subjects showed IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies against BmHsp12.6αc and these antibodies were involved in the ADCC mediated protection. Subsequent vaccination trials with BmHsp12.6αc in a mouse model using a heterologous prime boost approach showed that 83% protection can be achieved against B. malayi L3 challenge. Results presented in this study thus show that the N-BmHsp12.6 subunit of BmHsp12.6 has immunoregulatory function, whereas, the BmHsp12.6αc subunit of BmHsp12.6 has significant vaccine potential

Herbal therapy for herpes in the ethno-medicine of Coastal Karnataka

528-532Traditional herbalists of Coastal Karnataka were found to be practicing 34 different methods of treatment for herpes infection in which 57 species of local plants are used. A herbal paste prepared by grinding one or more herbal ingredients for repeated application on the lesions of the skin is the common formulation involved in all the recorded methods. A scrutiny of literature revealed that 25 of plant species used have antiviral and other antimicrobial properties. In addition, some plants are described as antiinflammatory, wound healing and coolants in the ethnomedicinal literature of India, a few of which have been scientifically ascertained. These facts provide an indirect scientific basis to the efficacy of the recorded treatment methods

PHENOLIC ACID PROFILING IN THE LEAVES OF TABERNAEMONTANA HEYNEANA WALL. AN ENDEMIC PLANT OF THE WESTERN GHATS USING ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPOLE-TIME-OF-FLIGHT

Objectives: The study was conducted to identify the phenolic compounds and other possible bioactive compounds present in the leaf extracts of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. Methods: Phenolic acid profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF). An internal standard syringic acid was used for quantitation of phenolic acids and naringenin for quantitation of flavonoids. Results: The leaf extracts analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds consisting of 14 phenolic compounds and three terpenes. Among 17 compounds, eight were the major compounds, namely, coniferyaldehyde, resveratrol, sinapic alcohol, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and protocatechuic aldehyde. This forms the first report on the identification of these pharmaceutically important compounds in T. heyneana. Conclusion: These findings offer clear evidence and scientific support for further research on the leaf extract of T. heyneana plant for its therapeutic purpose

Bit rate/bit error rate monitor

Measurement of bit rate and bit error rate is essential for the assessment of performance of digital communication equipment, including those of fibre optic digital data transmission. A simple easy to fabricate bit rate/bit error rate monitor is described. Both CMOS and TTL ICs are used. This can be used for bit rates up to 10 MB/s and for both CMOS and TTL compatible equipments

Fibre optics for analog applications

Fibre-optics (F.0) is the latest state of the opt in13; communications and allied fields, where the usual electrical13; signals cerrisd by copper cables are replaced by F.U.cables. In13; this T.H. the use 07 F.U. in Inter tow, Public address System amp; 13; Vibration analysis is described. The F.O. system is capable of13; handling both analog and digital signals, in the optical domain