Defect propagation in one-, two-, and three-dimensional compounds doped by magnetic atoms

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed to study manganese(II) dimer excitations in the diluted one-, two-, and three-dimensional compounds CsMn(x)Mg(1-x)Br(3), K(2)Mn(x)Zn(1-x)F(4), and KMn(x)Zn(1-x)F(3) (x<0.10), respectively. The transitions from the ground-state singlet to the excited triplet, split into a doublet and a singlet due to the single-ion anisotropy, exhibit remarkable fine structures. These unusual features are attributed to local structural inhomogeneities induced by the dopant Mn atoms which act like lattice defects. Statistical models support the theoretically predicted decay of atomic displacements according to 1/r**2, 1/r, and constant (for three-, two-, and one-dimensional compounds, respectively) where r denotes the distance of the displaced atoms from the defect. The observed fine structures allow a direct determination of the local exchange interactions J, and the local intradimer distances R can be derived through the linear law dJ/dR.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Determinants of the expected real long-term interest rates in the G7-countries

The paper investigates which factors determine the expected real long-term interest rates of the G7-countries as a whole within a single equation error correction model. Inflationary expectations are generated using the low frequency component of inflation provided by the Hodrick-Prescott filter. A comparision of the calculated expected inflation rates with those resulting from index-linked and conventional UK bonds suggests this approach to be appropriate. Expected real long-term interest rates turn out to be influenced positively by real short-term interest rates, capacity utilization and structural public borrowing

Contribution to basicity of technical glass melts in relation to redox equilibria and gas solubilities

To use the gas solubilities reported in the literature for binary or ternary silicate or borate melts to predict values for industrial glass melts, a basicity number concept was developed. Acidic values derived by cation-oxygen bond strengths multiplied by the mole fractions of the glass oxides were used to form a scale of basicity numbers for glass melts. The origin of this scale is the basicity number of boron oxide. This basicity number concept was successfully applied to gas solubility values for H2O, CO2, and SO2 in binary and ternary glass melts and to the solubility of oxygen in glass melts with multivalent ions, such as iron, arsenic, antimony, cerium, chromium and manganese