The Weakness of the Internet Mail System and a Proposal of N ew Mail Transfer Agent

This paper presents a framework of implementing Mail Transfer Agent(MTA) for Small office/Home office and aims at the improvement of the security of e-mail server. We simplify the setting file of our MTA to reduce setting errors， because difficult settings cause setting errors and occur security holes. This MTA has limits relaying function of mails in order to prohibit SPAM mail relay. And we limit a size of received mail for the counter measures of mail bomb. Experimental results indicate that， this MTA has high security. And the MTA was evaluated that the settings of the MTA are very easy， and that this MTA is convenient in spite of the minimum functions

Direct Observation of Active Nickel Oxide Cluster in Nickel–Borate Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation by In Situ O K‑Edge X‑ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In situ O K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was applied to investigate the electronic and structural change in the nickel–borate (Ni–B_i) electrocatalyst during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). An absorption peak was observed around 528.7 eV at 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl in a potassium borate aqueous solution, which relates with the formation of nanoscale order domains of edge-sharing NiO₆ octahedra in the Ni–B_i electrocatalyst. XAFS spectra were measured with variation of the electrode potential from 0.3 up to 1.0 V. The measured absorption peaks suggest that the quantity of NiO₆ octahedra increased in correlation with the OER current; however, when the potential was changed downward, the XAFS absorption peak assigned to NiO₆ octahedra remained constant, even at the electrode potential for no OER current. This difference implies that the water oxidation catalysis proceeds at the domain edge of NiO₆ octahedra. The XAFS technique provides the first successful direct probing of the active species in the Ni–B_i electrocatalyst during electrochemical reaction