The Magnetic Properties of Cupric Formate Tetrapydrate at Low Temperatures

The magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of Cu(HCO_2)_2・4H_2O was measured at temperatures between 1.4°K and 80°K by a. c. bridge and magnetic balance method. This salt is an example of the magnetic two dimensional lattice. The interaction between Cu^ ions is mainly the superexchange interaction through a formate ion in the same layer. From the Weiss constant of about -150°K, it is concluded that strength of superexchange interaction through a formate molecule, -(O-CH-O)-, has the same order as that through one diamagnetic atomic ion such as -(Cl)-. The existence of a broad maximum of the susceptibility at about 60°K implies the appearance of short range order in the two dimensional lattice. The antiferromagnetic transition accompanied by parasitic ferromagnetism was found at 17.0°K±0.2°K. The weak ferromagnetic moment in L_1L_2 plane was about 150 c. g. s. e. m. u. at 0°K. Along L_3 axis, no ferromagnetic moment was found. The susceptibility of isomorphous Cu(HCO_2)_2・2H_2O・2(NH_2)_2CO was similar to that of Cu(HCO_2)2・4H_2O

Studies on the Linear Antiferromagnets : Magnetic Susceptibilities of Cupric Quinone Complex Salts at Low Temperatures

The magnetic susceptibilities of three Cu quinone complex salts were measured at low temperatures. These salts, Cu-Q-H, Cu-Q-Cl and Cu-Q-Br, are considered to have structure of magnetic one dimensional lattice. Cu-Q-H is obtained in the form of stick-like colloid whose length is shorter than a few thousand A. Some characteristics of the antiferromagnetic linear chain were found in Cu-Q-H. At the lowest temperatures, the end effect and the odd or even number effect were examined. The length of the chain of Cu-Q-H is estimated to have the number of Cu^ ions more than 9. The super-exchange interaction in a chain of each salt passes through the intervening quinone-molecule. The coupling constant J between nearest neighboured Cu^ ions in Cu-Q-H was estimated to be between -14k and -24k. The large J\u27s of three salts may be attributed to the superexchange interaction through the quinone-molecule

Alternating linear-chain antiferromagnetism in copper nitrate Cu(NO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e.2.5 H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO

Current interest in the behavior of Heisenberg alternating antiferromagnetic quantum chains has been stimulated by the discovery of an unusual class of magnetoelastic spin-Peierls systems. Copper nitrate, Cu(NO3)2.2.5 H2O, does not display a spin-Peierls transition, but its dominant magnetic behavior is that of a strongly alternating antiferromagnetic chain with temperature-independent alternation. A remarkable, simultaneous fit is demonstrated between theoretical studies and a wide variety of zero- (low-) field experimental measurements, including susceptibility, magnetization, and specific heat. The fitting parameters are α(degree of alternation) = 0.27, J1/k=2.58 K, gb=2.31, and g⊥=2.11. Slight systematic discrepancies are attributed to weak interchain coupling. Theoretical studies also predict a rich variety of behavior in high fields, particularly in the region involving the lower and upper critical fields, Hc1 = 28 kOe and Hc2 = 44 kOe. Experimental specific-heat measurements at H = 28.2 and 35.7 kOe show quantitative agreement with theory in this interesting parameter region. The fitting parameters are the same as for zero field and, again, small discrepancies between theory and experiment may be attributed to interchain coupling. The exceptional magnetic characterization of copper nitrate suggests its use for further experimental study in the vicinity of the high-field ordering region

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling opposes the effects of anchorage loss, leading to activation of Cdk4 and Cdc6 stabilization

AbstractWhen deprived of an anchorage to the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts arrest in the G1 phase with inactivation of Cdk4/6 and Cdk2 and destruction of Cdc6, the assembler of prereplicative complexes essential for S phase onset. How cellular anchorages control these kinases and Cdc6 stability is poorly understood. Here, we report that in rat embryonic fibroblasts, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 by a Tsc2 mutation or overexpression of a constitutively active mutant Rheb overrides the absence of the anchorage and stabilizes Cdc6 at least partly via activating Cdk4/6 that induces Emi1, an APC/CCdh1 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor.Structured summaryMINT-7890626: cdc27 (uniprotkb:Q4V8A2) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Cyclin-A (uniprotkb:Q6AY13) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006

Interleukin-32β Propagates Vascular Inflammation and Exacerbates Sepsis in a Mouse Model

Inflammation is associated with most diseases, which makes understanding the mechanisms of inflammation vitally important.Here, we demonstrate a critical function of interleukin-32beta (IL-32beta) in vascular inflammation. IL-32beta is present in tissues from humans, but is absent in rodents. We found that the gene is highly expressed in endothelial cells. Three isoforms of IL-32, named IL-32alpha, beta, and epsilon, were cloned from human endothelial cells, with IL-32beta being the major isoform. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha and IL-1beta) induced IL-32beta expression through NF-kappaB. Conversely, IL-32beta propagated vascular inflammation via induction of vascular cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, IL-32beta increased adhesion of inflammatory cells to activated endothelial cells, a paramount process in inflammation. These results illustrate a positive feedback regulation that intensifies and prolongs inflammation. Importantly, endothelial/hematopoietic expression of IL-32beta in transgenic mice elevated inflammation and worsened sepsis. This was demonstrated by significant elevation of leukocyte infiltration and serum levels of TNFalpha and IL-1beta, increased vascular permeability and lung damage, and accelerated animal death. Together, our results reveal an important function of IL-32 in vascular inflammation and sepsis development.Our results reveal an important function of IL-32 in vascular inflammation and sepsis development

Impact of maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) evaluated by 18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) on survival for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a preliminary report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this era of molecular targeting therapy when various systematic treatments can be selected, prognostic biomarkers are required for the purpose of risk-directed therapy selection. Numerous reports of various malignancies have revealed that 18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) accumulation, as evaluated by positron emission tomography, can be used to predict the prognosis of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) on survival for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 26 patients with advanced or metastatic RCC were enrolled in this study. The FDG uptake of all RCC lesions diagnosed by conventional CT was evaluated by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The impact of SUVmax on patient survival was analyzed prospectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>FDG uptake was detected in 230 of 243 lesions (94.7%) excluding lung or liver metastases with diameters of less than 1 cm. The SUVmax of 26 patients ranged between 1.4 and 16.6 (mean 8.8 ± 4.0). The patients with RCC tumors showing high SUVmax demonstrated poor prognosis (<it>P </it>= 0.005 hazard ratio 1.326, 95% CI 1.089-1.614). The survival between patients with SUVmax equal to the mean of SUVmax, 8.8 or more and patients with SUVmax less than 8.8 were statistically different (<it>P </it>= 0.0012). This is the first report to evaluate the impact of SUVmax on advanced RCC patient survival. However, the number of patients and the follow-up period were still not extensive enough to settle this important question conclusively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The survival of patients with advanced RCC can be predicted by evaluating their SUVmax using ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT has potency as an "imaging biomarker" to provide helpful information for the clinical decision-making.</p

Phylogenetic analyses of Chilomastix and Retortamonas species using in vitro excysted flagellates

Abstract In vitro excystation of cysts of microscopically identified Chilomastix mesnili and Retortamonas sp. isolated from Japanese macaques and Retortamonas sp. isolated from small Indian mongooses could be induced using an established protocol for Giardia intestinalis and subsequently by culturing with H2S-rich Robinson’s medium supplemented with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Excystation usually began 2 h after incubation in Robinson’s medium. DNA was isolated from excysted flagellates after 4 h of incubation or from cultured excysted flagellates. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 18S rRNA genes revealed that two isolates of C. mesnili from Japanese macaques belonged to the same cluster as a C. mesnili isolate from humans, whereas a mammalian Retortamonas sp. isolate from a small Indian mongoose belonged to the same cluster as that of an amphibian Retortamonas spp. isolate from a ‘poison arrow frog’ [sequence identity to AF439347 (94.9%)]. These results suggest that the sequence homology of the 18S rRNA gene of the two C. mesnili isolates from Japanese macaques was similar to that of humans, in addition to the morphological similarity, and Retortamonas sp. infection of the amphibian type in the small Indian mongoose highlighted the possibility of the effect of host feeding habitats

Transcriptional repression by MYB3R proteins regulates plant organ growth

In multicellular organisms, temporal and spatial regulation of cell proliferation is central for generating organs with defined sizes and morphologies. For establishing and maintaining the post-mitotic quiescent state during cell differentiation, it is important to repress genes with mitotic functions. We found that three of the Arabidopsis MYB3R transcription factors synergistically maintain G2/M-specific genes repressed in post-mitotic cells and restrict the time window of mitotic gene expression in proliferating cells. The combined mutants of the three repressor-type MYB3R genes displayed long roots, enlarged leaves, embryos, and seeds. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that MYB3R3 binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes. MYB3R3 associates with the repressor-type E2F, E2FC, and the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED proteins. In contrast, the activator MYB3R4 was in complex with E2FB in proliferating cells. With mass spectrometry and pairwise interaction assays, we identified some of the other conserved components of the multiprotein complexes, known as DREAM/dREAM in human and flies. In plants, these repressor complexes are important for periodic expression during cell cycle and to establish a post-mitotic quiescent state determining organ size