A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on body weight in healthy subjects aged 16 years and above

PURPOSE: Studies on the effect of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on body weight have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect size of body weight changes in healthy, non-athletic Muslims practicing Ramadan fasting, and to assess the effect of covariates such as age, sex, fasting time duration, season, and country, using subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. Covariate adjustments were performed to explain the variability of weight change in response to Ramadan fasting.METHODS: CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from date of inception in 1950 to the end of August 2019.RESULTS: Eighty-five studies, conducted in 25 countries during 1982-2019, were identified. RDIF yielded a significant, but small reduction in body weight (K = 85, number of subjects, N = 4176 (aged 16-80 years), Hedges' g =- 0.360, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.405 to - 0.315, I2 = 45.6%), this effect size translates into difference in means of - 1.022 kg (95% CI - 1.164 kg to - 0.880 kg). Regression analysis for moderator covariates revealed that fasting time (min/day) is a significant (P &lt; 0.05) moderator for weight change at the end of Ramadan, while age and sex are not. Variable effects for the season and country were found.CONCLUSION: RDIF may confer a significant small reduction in body weight in non-athletic healthy people aged 16 years and above, directly associated with fasting time and variably correlated with the season, and country.</p

Effect of different sources of water on water quality and growth performance of growing bull

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different sources of water on feed intake and growth performance of growing bull. For this study, sixteen indigenous bulls (Bos indicus), around two years age (132.5±20.5 kg of LW), were divided into four groups having four animals in each treatment group. The animals were supplied with four different sources of water viz. Deep Tube Well Water (DTW =T1), Supply Water from reserve tank (SW = T2), Pond water (PW = T3) and River water (RW = T4). All the animals were fed German Grass (Echinochloa polystachya L.) and concentrate mixture. All the animals were free access to water. Live weight was recorded initially and week interval till end of the feeding trial (12 weeks). The results revealed that animal belonging T1 treatment group showed best growth performance was better in comparison to other treatment groups. Dry matter intake (DMI) was highest for T1 group (3.08 ± 0.08 kg/d) and lowest for T4 group (2.81 ± 0.18 kg/d). The digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were higher (P&lt;0.05)in T1 group compared to other groups. The highest daily body weight gain (336.49±59.40 g/d) was observed in T1 group. Based on the results, it is concluded that deep tube well water (T1) is suitable for cattle for its quality which showed positive impact on intake and growth of animals. Further study might be needed to compare the cost involvement for different sources of water and economy of growth of animals.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 9-16</jats:p

Performance and mineral metabolism of broiler replacing commercial diet by rice polish and supplementation of citric acid

During an experimental period of 28 days citric acid (CA) was tested as a growth promoter instead of antibiotics with replacement of commercial diet by rice polish (RP). Newly 240 hatched broiler chicks (Cobb 500) distributed into eight dietary groups (3 replicate cages having 10 birds in each), 1=Control (commercial diet), 2=Commercial diet+0.5% CA, 3=5.0% RP, 4=5.0% RP+ 0.5% CA, 5=10.0% RP, 6=10.0% RP+0.5% CA, 7=15.0% RP, 8=15.0% RP+0.5% CA. Diets were supplemented by acid insoluble ash (1.0% Celite) as marker. At the end, blood sample was collected from all birds. Total ash, mineral content and density of tibia were determined. Final body weight (g/b) of chicks were 1655, 1733, 1642, 1694, 1618, 1656, 1613 and 1631 g, respectively (P&gt;0.05). Feed intake (g/bird) was 2359, 2419, 2432, 2433, 2524, 2494, 2519 and 2424 g, respectively (P&gt;0.05). FCR varied (P&lt;0.05) among the groups were 1.48, 1.44, 1.54, 1.49, 1.62, 1.55, 1.62 and 1.54, where better FCR was in CA groups comparison to non-CA groups. Retention of Ca, P and Mg increased in CA group’s comparison to non-CA groups but replacement of 5.0% commercial diet (with or without CA) caused higher retention level. Higher dressing percentage observed in CA group (65.4, 65.9 for group 2, 4) comparison to non-CA groups (63.8, 63.9 for groups 1, 3). Bone mineral concentration (total ash, Ca, P and Mg) slightly increased in CA groups (P&gt;0.05). In general, replacement of a commercial diet by RP up to 15.00% would be possible maintaining growth performance of broiler where further supplementation of 0.5% CA showed more advantages by increasing mineral density of bone.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (2): 159-165</jats:p

Prevalence of Gall Bladder Carcinoma in Patients with Cholelithiasis

The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of gallbladder carcinoma in patients having cholelithiasis. For this purpose a prospective study was carried out on 15 patients of both sexes in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. Their mean age was 56 ±8 years (range 30 to 70 years) having gall bladder mass. Gall bladder mass and stone were detected by history, Physical examination, ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen. Carcinoma was confirmed by histopathological examination of specimens removed by operation. All gallbladder masses removed by operation showed malignat tumor on histopathological examination. Among them adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were present in 94 and 6 percent respectively. Stones were present within gallbladder mass in 94 percent of cases. In 80 percent of cases the disease was in advanced stage. The results of the present study suggested that the patient having cholelithiasis are prone to develop malignancy in the gallbladder. However as the sample size is small further studies are needed by taking large number of sample to validate this statement&#x0D; Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 68-70</jats:p

Effect of citric acid and acetic acid on the performance of broilers

An experiment was conducted with commercial broilers to investigate the effects of feeding citric acid, acetic acid and their combination on their performance and to determine the economic competence of using citric acid and acetic acid in broiler rations. A total number of 108 one day old straight run broiler chicks were distributed to four dietary treatments i.e. 0 % citric or acetic acid (A), 0.5% citric acid (B), 0.5% acetic acid (C) and their combinations 0.5% citric acid and 0.5% acetic acid (D). The birds were reared in cages. Body weight gains, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, dressing yield and carcass characteristics were recorded. The performance showed significant increase in body weight gain (P&lt;0.05) when compared with the control during 0-5 weeks of age on 0.5% citric acid (B). Feed consumption increased (P&lt;0.05) at 2nd and 3rd weeks of age on 0.5% citric acid (B). Feed conversion was found higher (P&lt;0.05) during 0-5 weeks of age in treatment B when compared to those of the other treatments. Carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary treatments. The highest mortality was found in treatment A and treatment C due to excessive hot. It may be concluded that use of 0.5% citric acid in the diet of broilers may have better performance in respect of live weight gain and feed conversion. Keyword: Acetic acid; Citric acid; Broiler performance DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4828 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 315-320, 2008</jats:p

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum: An analysis of six cases

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v40i1.20336 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40: 42-46</jats:p

Gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh

Girls face discrimination from the moment of her birth. Different underlying factors are responsible for this disparity. Though in recent decades, there is a significant advance in gender disparity, it is still prevalent in different aspect of life throughout the world. Yet a wide level of disparity still exists, whether implicit or explicit, in nutrition and child cares both in the rural and urban areas. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A community based multi-stage cross-sectional study were accomplished for collecting anthropometric and household socio-demographic data of under-five (36≤ age ≤59) children to assess gender disparity on nutritional status in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It was performed during the period March 2017 to September 2017. Simple random sampling was used to select children from households by applying multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using WHO anthro 2005 software (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS) version 22.0. A value of p&lt;0.05 was regarded as statistically significant in the analysis. Under five 371 girls with mean age 47.26 ± 8.33 months and 366 boys with mean age 48.28 ± 7.75 months were participated in this study. No failure in composite anthropometry/normal healthy boys and girls were found 46% and 36% respectively. The prevalence of moderate underweight, stunting and wasting among girls were 23.5%, 27.5% and 14.6% respectively, whereas, among boys 22.7%, 25.4% and 9.8% respectively. Deficiency of energy intake, insufficiency of macro and micro nutrients increase the chance of suffering protein-energy malnutrition, nutritional disorders among girls, compared to boys. Aggregating social development and intervention program of Government may help to reduce gender disparity and improve the nutritional status of overall all children.&#x0D; J. bio-sci. 27: 1-10, 2019</jats:p