Heat transfer and magneto-hydrodynamic nanofluids flow behaviors past a nonlinear stretching surface considering viscous dissipation and joule heating

33-46Mathematical investigation has been presented to examine the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of viscous nanofluids bygone a nonlinear stretched plate among cumulative impact of viscous dissipation and joule heating. Physical formulation produced a system of partial differential equations which has been converted into a set of ordinary differential equations through employing suitable similarity variables. For numerical solutions of resulting governing equations of flow, a Keller-box method has been addressed. Results of dimensionless velocity and dimensionless temperature for impacts of various types of nanoparticle along with water base fluid and effects of physical parameters, namely solid volume fraction, nonlinear stretching parameter, magnetic parameter and Brinkmann number have been deliberated via graphs. Additionally, surface shear stress and surface heat flux for selected suitable values of pertinent parameters have been computed and explicated via table

Navier's slip condition and magnetic field effects on unsteady stagnation point flow subject to a stretched plate along to viscous dissipation and Joule heating utilizing nanofluids

This article mainly addresses Navier's slip boundary condition impact on two-dimensional, unsteady magneto hydrodynamic flow of electrically conducting viscous nanofluids adjacent to stagnation region due to a stretchable wall along to viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Nanofluids are taken namely silver-water, copper-water, titanium dioxide-water and alumina-water. Transformation procedure applied reduces the set of nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Resulting governing boundary layer equations are numerically solved by establishing a Keller-box method. Effects of different nanofluids, stretching parameter, slip parameter; solid volume fraction, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter and Eckert number on velocity and temperature distributions are illustrated via graphs and explained in details. Computational values of local skin friction and local Nusselt number for influences of specified parameters are found out and indicated in tabular mode. Moreover, dual solutions exist by cause of negative values of unsteadiness parameter in fluid flow, fluid temperature, wall shear stress and wall heat flux

Newtonian heating and convective boundary condition on MHD stagnation point flow past a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation and Joule heating

An analysis has been presented to study the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on two-dimensional steady stagnation-point flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid over a stretching plate with Newtonian heating and convective boundary condition in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic field. Similarity variables reduce the governing boundary layer partial differential equations to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Effects of various parameters such as stretching parameter, magnetic parameter, conjugate parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number for velocity and temperature distributions have been discussed in detail through graphical representation. Moreover, numerical results of local skin-friction coefficient and local Nusselt number for different values of controlling parameters have been shown in tabular form and analyzed. Numerical values have been validated by comparing the present results with previously published works

Heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow behaviors past a nonlinear stretching surface considering viscous dissipation and Joule heating

Mathematical investigation is presented to examine the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of viscous nanofluids bygone a nonlinear stretched plate among cumulative impact of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Physical formulation produced a system of partial differential equations which are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations through employing suitable similarity variables. For numerical solutions of resulting governing equations of flow, a Keller-box method is addressed. Results of dimensionless velocity and dimensionless temperature for impacts of various nanoparticles types along to water base fluid and for effects of physical parameters namely solid volume fraction, nonlinear stretching parameter, magnetic parameter and Brinkmann number are deliberated via graphs. Additionally, surface shear stress and surface heat flux for selected suitable values of pertinent parameters are computed and explicated via table

Neurocysticercosis: A Review on Global Neurological Disease

The most prominent parasitic disease of the human central nervous system is neurocysticercosis, a neurologic parasite disease brought on by the engorged larva of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most frequent cause of acquired epilepsy in endemic areas and a problem for the bulk of the developing world’s public health systems. However, because of globalisation, neurocysticercosis cases are now also increasing in wealthy nations. With two intermediate hosts (i.e., pigs and humans) and one final host, neurocysticercosis has a complicated disease path, through faecal-oral contamination, one contracts it. Neurocysticercosis is the most significant CNS parasite that causes severe illness. Based on the location of the disease, it has historically been classified into active and inactive types. Radiologists must be aware of the differential diagnosis because of the wide variety of its imaging appearances. Imaging results are influenced by the number and distribution of parasites as well as any related consequences such as vascular involvement, an inflammatory response, and, in the case of ventricular forms, the degree of blockage. As a result, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of neurocysticercosis vary widely depending on the type of infection

New structural analogues of curcumin exhibit potent growth suppressive activity in human colorectal carcinoma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colorectal carcinoma is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for colorectal carcinoma. Curcumin, the active component and yellow pigment of turmeric, has been reported to have several anti-cancer activities including anti-proliferation, anti-invasion, and anti-angiogenesis. Clinical trials have suggested that curcumin may serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We compared the inhibitory effects of curcumin and novel structural analogues, GO-Y030, FLLL-11, and FLLL-12, in three independent human colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480, HT-29, and HCT116. MTT cell viability assay was used to examine the cell viability/proliferation and western blots were used to determine the level of PARP cleavages. Half-Maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) were calculated using Sigma Plot 9.0 software.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Curcumin inhibited cell viability in all three of the human colorectal cancer cell lines studied with IC₅₀values ranging between 10.26 μM and 13.31 μM. GO-Y030, FLLL-11, and FLLL-12 were more potent than curcumin in the inhibition of cell viability in these three human colorectal cancer cell lines with IC₅₀values ranging between 0.51 μM and 4.48 μM. In addition, FLLL-11 and FLLL-12 exhibit low toxicity to WI-38 normal human lung fibroblasts with an IC-50 value greater than 1,000 μM. GO-Y030, FLLL-11, and FLLL-12 are also more potent than curcumin in the induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 in all three human colorectal cancer cell lines studied.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicate that the three curcumin analogues studied exhibit more potent inhibitory activity than curcumin in human colorectal cancer cells. Thus, they may have translational potential as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for colorectal carcinoma.</p

Bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitors, such as bortezomib, can down-regulate NF-κB, a transcription factor implicated in tumor growth. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Patients received escalating doses of bortezomib either on a weekly schedule (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 repeated every 42 days) or on a twice-weekly administration schedule (days 1, 4, 8, and 11 repeated every 21 days), in combination with escalating doses of celecoxib twice daily throughout the study period from 200 mg to 400 mg twice daily.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No dose-limiting toxicity was observed during the study period. Two patients had stable disease lasting for four and five months each, and sixteen patients developed progressive disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The combination of bortezomib and celecoxib was well tolerated, without dose limiting toxicities observed throughout the dosing ranges tested, and will be studied further at the highest dose levels investigated.</p> <p>Trial registration number</p> <p>NCT00290680.</p

Widespread Climate Change in the Himalayas and Associated Changes in Local Ecosystems

Background: Climate change in the Himalayas, a biodiversity hotspot, home of many sacred landscapes, and the source of eight largest rivers of Asia, is likely to impact the well-being of $\sim$20% of humanity. However, despite the extraordinary environmental, cultural, and socio-economic importance of the Himalayas, and despite their rapidly increasing ecological degradation, not much is known about actual changes in the two most critical climatic variables: temperature and rainfall. Nor do we know how changes in these parameters might impact the ecosystems including vegetation phenology. Methodology/Principal Findings: By analyzing temperature and rainfall data, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values from remotely sensed imagery, we report significant changes in temperature, rainfall, and vegetation phenology across the Himalayas between 1982 and 2006. The average annual mean temperature during the 25 year period has increased by 1.5$^\circ$C with an average increase of 0.06$^\circ$C yr$^{−1}$. The average annual precipitation has increased by 163 mm or 6.52 mmyr$^{−1}$. Since changes in temperature and precipitation are immediately manifested as changes in phenology of local ecosystems, we examined phenological changes in all major ecoregions. The average start of the growing season (SOS) seems to have advanced by 4.7 days or 0.19 days yr$^{−1}$ and the length of growing season (LOS) appears to have advanced by 4.7 days or 0.19 days yr$^{−1}$, but there has been no change in the end of the growing season (EOS). There is considerable spatial and seasonal variation in changes in climate and phenological parameters. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first time that large scale climatic and phenological changes at the landscape level have been documented for the Himalayas. The rate of warming in the Himalayas is greater than the global average, confirming that the Himalayas are among the regions most vulnerable to climate change