CURRENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE MODELS FOR TEN REMAINING SPECIES OF ACHATINELLA TO INFORM POTENTIAL LOCATIONS OF EX SITU PREDATOR-FREE EXCLOSURES

M.S

Immobility-reducing Effects of Ketamine during the Forced Swim Test on 5-HT1A Receptor Activity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in an Intractable Depression Model

Ketamine has been clinically proven to ameliorate depression, including treatment-resistant depression. The detailed mechanism of action of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression remains unclear. We examined the effects of ketamine on the immobility times of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-treated rats during the forced swim test, and we explored the mechanism by which ketamine acts in this model. We investigated the neuroanatomical site of action by microinjecting ketamine into the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. A significant reduction of the rats’ immobility during the forced swim test was observed after the intraperitoneal injection of ketamine in both saline- and ACTH-treated rats. The microinjection of ketamine into the medial prefrontal cortex also decreased immobility during the forced swim test in both saline- and ACTH-treated rats. The immobility-decreasing effect of intraperitoneally injected ketamine was blocked by administering WAY100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, into the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings contribute to the evidence that ketamine can be useful against treatment-resistant depressive conditions. The immobility-reducing effects of ketamine might be mediated by 5-HT1A receptor activity in the medial prefrontal cortex

Modeling and emergence of flapping flight of butterfly based on experimental measurements

The objective of this paper is to clarify the principle of stabilization in flapping-of-wing flight of a butterfly, which is a rhythmic and cyclic motion. For this purpose, a dynamics model of a butterfly is derived by Lagrange’s method, where the butterfly is considered as a rigid multi-body system. For the aerodynamic forces, a panel method is applied. Validity of the mathematical models is shown by an agreement of the numerical result with the measured data. Then, periodic orbits of flapping-of-wing flights are searched in order to fly the butterfly models. Almost periodic orbits are obtained, but the model in the searched flapping-of-wing flight is unstable. This research, then, studies how the wake-induced flow and the flexibly torsional wing’s effect on the flight stability. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both the wake-induced flow and the flexible torsion reduces the flight instability. Because the obtained periodic flapping-of-wing flight is unstable, a feedback control system is designed, and a stable flight is realized

迅速・高感度・簡便な新規骨粗鬆症モデル系の開発と予防法への応用

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系[研究目的]魚類のウロコには骨形成をする骨芽細胞、骨吸収をする破骨細胞およびコラーゲンを中心とする骨基質タンパクからなり、健常骨モデル、骨代謝亢進モデルおよび骨吸収亢進モデル等の骨のモデルが作成できることを既に報告している。昨年は、これらの骨モデルに機械的刺激である低強度超音波を照射しその効果を調べた。その結果、健常骨モデルおよび骨代謝亢進モデルでは、骨形成が増加し、骨代謝亢進モデルでは、さらに骨吸収が抑制される効果も明らかとなった。一方、炎症性の骨吸収亢進モデルでは、骨形成および骨吸収作用に変化がないことが明らかとなった。今年度は、ウロコモデルで確認された低強度超音波の効果をマウスの頭蓋骨を使い、哺乳類の骨代謝に対する低強度超音波の効果を調べた。[研究成果]マウス新生仔をエーテル過剰吸入麻酔後、断頭し、頭蓋骨を取り出し左右を2等分した2骨片を対照群と曝露群とした。ウロコの系で決定した強度の低強度超音波を曝露群に照射後、対照群と同様に24時間組織培養し、超音波破砕し上清の酵素活性を測定した。その結果、骨形成をする骨芽細胞活性および骨吸収をする破骨細胞活性のどちらも変化しなかった。哺乳類の骨細胞は、骨基質内に存在しているため超音波が反射され届かないためと思われた。できるだけ骨組織が薄く柔らかいマウスの新生仔頭蓋骨を使ったが、細胞が表面にいるウロコとはやはり大きく異なることが明らかとなった。したがって、哺乳類の骨代謝を改善するためには、骨基質内にある細胞にも到達しうる機械的刺激が必要なことが示唆された。また、超音波の骨代謝への効果を調べるには、骨基質の表面に骨芽細胞と破骨細胞が共存するウロコが適したモデルとなることが明らかとなった。研究課題/領域番号:18650197, 研究期間(年度):2006 – 2008出典：「迅速・高感度・簡便な新規骨粗鬆症モデル系の開発と予防法への応用」研究成果報告書　課題番号18650197（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18650197/)を加工して作

A detailed protocol for perspiration monitoring using a novel, small, wireless device

Perspiration monitoring can be utilized for the detection of certain diseases, such as thermoregulation and mental disorders, particularly when the patients are unaware of such disorders or are having difficulty expressing their symptoms. Until now, several devices for perspiration monitoring have been developed; however, such devices tend to have a relatively large exterior, considerable power consumption, and/or less sensitivity. Recently, we developed a small, wireless device for perspiration monitoring. The device consists of a temperature/relative humidity (T/RH) sensor, battery-driven small data logger, and silica gel as a desiccant in a small cylindrical exterior. The T/RH sensor is placed between the detection windows (through which the water vapor from the skin enters) and the silica gel. The underlying principle of the perspiration monitoring device is based on Fick\u27s law of diffusion, which means that water vapor flux from the skin to the silica gel (i.e. transepidermal water loss and perspiration) can be captured by change in humidity at the T/RH sensor. In addition, a baseline subtraction method was adopted to distinguish perspiration and transepidermal water loss. As shown in the previous report, the developed device can monitor the perspiration at any sites of the body in an easy, wireless manner. However, detailed methods of how to use the device have not been disclosed yet. In this article, therefore, we would like to show the point-by-point tutorials of how to use the device for perspiration monitoring, by showing the sympathetic activity test with the sympathetic skin response monitoring as an example. © 2016 Journal of Visualized Experiments.Embargo Period 24 month

Total synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin based on an automated electrochemical assembly of a disaccharide building block

The total synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin using an automated electrochemical synthesizer for the assembly of carbohydrate building blocks is demonstrated. We have successfully prepared a precursor of TMG-chitotriomycin, which is a structurally-pure tetrasaccharide with typical protecting groups, through the methodology of automated electrochemical solution-phase synthesis developed by us. The synthesis of structurally well-defined TMG-chitotriomycin has been accomplished in 10-steps from a disaccharide building block

Development of a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring

A small and wireless device that can capture the temporal pattern of perspiration by a novel structure of water vapor collection combined with reusable desiccant has been developed. The novel device consists of a small cylindrical case with a temperature/relative humidity sensor, battery-driven data logger, and silica gel (desiccant). Water vapor of perspiration was detected by the change in relative humidity and then adsorbed by silica gel, allowing continuous recording of perspiration within a closed and wireless chamber, which has not been previously achieved. By comparative experiments using the commercially-available perspiration monitoring device, the developed device could measure perspiration as efficiently as the conventional one, with a normalized cross coefficient of 0.738 with 6 s delay and the interclass correlation coefficient [ICC(2, 1)] of 0.84. These results imply a good agreement between the conventional and developed devices, and thus suggest the applicability of the developed device for perspiration monitoring. © 2015 IPEM.Embargo Period 12 month

Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP)-bonded system

A method of synthesizing a directly connected 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP) ring system as a linearly bonded aromatic system with a planar form was established. Various TAP-dimers and a 2-alkyl-TAP-trimer were synthesized and their fluorescence properties were evaluated. Although the direct connection of the TAP ring with other TAP rings did not affect the fluorescence properties in diluted solvent, TAP-dimers showed unique fluorescence properties derived from the aggregation state under highly concentrated conditions. In particular, TAP-dimer 5f showed aggregation-induced emission in highly concentrated solution, and 5b showed typical mechanochromic fluorescence in the solid state despite their compact molecular size